Vocabulary

calico n	-	1) коленкор, 2) амер. ситец
to come up with v	-	догнать, нагнать
to complement v	-	дополнять
inspiration n	-	вдохновение
an item n	-	изделие
plain-coloured adj	-	однотонный, гладкоокрашенный
a pattern maker n	-	лекальщик
a sample n	-	образец
a trial n	-	проба

Exercise 8. Read the text (several times) to better understand its contents. Answer the questions.

1. Why is it important to research and plan every collection very carefully?

2. Do you agree that predicting future trends is the most difficult in designer’s work?

3. What themes can designers choose to provide inspiration?

4. How do designers usually work?

5. Who helps a designer to make a sample garment?

Exercise 9. Fill in the correct word from the box below:

styles, fabrics, catwalks, trends, collection, models, fashion shows.

Once a year each fashion house presents its spring _____ to an eager public. At _____ in Paris and Milan, top _____ parade down the _____ and show off the latest _____. These shows do not dictate what the world will wear, but they are influential in determining the season’s fashion _____. Clothing manufacturers see the shows and imitate the colours and the _____ of the garments that the models wear. Everyone wants to be stylish and the spring shows help people choose the clothes they will buy.

Lesson Seven. Elements and Types of Design

Text A. Elements of Design: Line and Form

Text B. Elements of Design: Shapes

Text C. Elements and Types of Design

Reading for general understanding

Text a. Elements of Design: Line and Form

The elements and principles of design are flexible and should be interpreted within the context of current fashion. A design can be defined as an arrangement of lines, shapes, colours and texture that create a visual image. The principles of design are the rates that govern how elements are combined. They include balance, emphasis, harmony, proportion, rhythm. The elements are the raw materials that must be combined successfully.

The following are the different elements of design: line, form, shape, texture and colour.

These elements are considered as “Plastics” in art language because they can be arranged by the designer to create desired illusions.

Line provides the visual dimensions of length and width. When lines combine, space is enclosed and forms and shapes are defined. There are: horizontal lines, vertical lines, oblique lines, diagonal lines, curved lines, etc.

Lines within a garment are created by darts seams and decorative details. Each kind of line produces its own special effects. They are known to be the greatest devices of fashion designers which can be used to one’s requirements to tone down or exaggerate a particular figure type.

The arrangement of vertical, horizontal and oblique lines produces line movements characterized by opposition, transition or radiation.

Form is an object having three dimensions like length, width and depth. The human body is a form and by viewing it analytically, its various perspectives are revealed. The human form changes visually with clothing, especially as fashion changes.