Vocabulary

affordable adj	-	приемлемый, доступный
to cater (for) v	-	поставлять (изделия)
to catch on v	-	сделаться модным
a customer n	-	заказчик, клиент
to make to order	-	изготавливать на заказ
to meet … standards	-	соответствовать стандартам
merchandise n	-	товары
nonetheless adv	-	тем не менее
to rely (on) v	-	полагаться (на)
a term n	-	термин
time-consuming techniques	-	технологии, требующие больших временных затрат
quantity n	-	количество

Exercise 4. Translate the following word combinations

Ready-to-wear clothes; an individual customer; applied art; affordable fashion; high-quality, expensive fabric; cheaper fabrics; clothes made to order; the original look; a protected term; a wide range of customer; the choice and cut of the fabric; modern high-end designers; according to established standards; to make sure; to save money and time.

Exercise 5. Return to the text “Types of Fashion” to decide whether the following statements are true of false.

1. Ready-to-wear is a protected term used for any “made-to-measure” garment.

2. Clothes are rather expensive when they are made in small quantities.

3. Today most people can afford couture garments and mass market designers turn to haute-couture.

4. The clothes can be sold more cheaply if designers use cheaper fabric and simpler production techniques.

5. High fashion designers generally adapt the trends set by mass market designers because the latter (последние) are closer to people and their everyday life.

Exercise 6. Translate the paragraph “Haute Couture” in writing. Pay special attention to the last sentence.

Exercise 7. Compare ready-to-wear clothes and mass market clothes. What do they have in common? What do they differ in?

Text C. Designing a Collection

Designing a collection includes three stages.

Planning a collection: Every collection is very carefully researched and planned so that all the items in it complement each other, and have the particular fashion look which the company is known for.

Predicting trends: One of the hardest skills a fashion designer has to master is predicting future trends. To do this, they look at what the fashion directions have been in previous seasons, keep an eye on what others in the fashion business are doing, and read fashion forecasting magazines. They also rely on knowledge of their own customers to see which styles were less popular in past seasons. Perhaps most importantly, designers use their imaginations to come up with new ideas. They often choose a theme to provide inspiration.

Choosing a theme: The theme of a collection can be a period in history, a foreign place, a range of colors, a type of fabric - anything which has a strong visual impact.

Designing a garment is a time-and labour-consuming process which demands efforts of many people.

• The design: Different designers work in different ways. Some sketch their ideas on paper, others drape fabric on a dress stand, pinning, folding and tucking it until the idea for a garment emerges. A third method is to adapt their own patterns from previous seasons.

• Making a toile: After making a rough paper pattern, or life-size 2-D plan of the garment, a skilled sewing machine operator then makes a trial version of the garment from plain-colored calico. The toile is put on to a dress stand (or a model) to see how it fits and whether it hangs properly.

• Making a card pattern: When the designer is completely satisfied with the fit of the toile, they show it to a professional pattern maker who then makes the finished, working version of the pattern out of card. The pattern maker's job is very precise and painstaking. The fit of the finished garment depends on their accuracy.

• The finished dress: Finally, a sample garment is made up in the proper fabric