Контрольное задание № 5

существительное

68

субстантивированное прилагательное

46

прилагательное

10,20,24,43,45

II форма глагола (простое прошедшее время

4,6,14,28,32,38,41,50,51,52,54,57

III форма глагола (причастие II )

1,5,23,25,30,36,40,41,47,51,55,67,68,69

текст

перевод

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The term “eugenics” was coined in 1883 by Sir Francis

(был) предложен

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Galton, a British scientist and cousin of Charles Darwin.

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The word comes from Greek terms meaning “good in birth”

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or “noble in heredity.” Galton believed that humanity could

полагал

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be improved by selective breeding. Influenced by the

Под влиянием

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writings of Darwin, he reasoned that it was time for humans

пришел к выводу

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to take control of their own evolution. During the early

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decades of the 20th century, Galton’s ideas became

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extremely popular among politicians, scientists, and

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academics, in both Europe and the United States. Reflecting

Соединенные (Штаты)

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the popular notions of his day, the leader of a powerful

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nation wrote: “Society has no business to permit degenerates

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to reproduce their kind. … Any group of farmers who

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permitted their best stock not to breed, and let all the

не давали возможность

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increase come from the worst stock, would be treated as fit

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inmates for an asylum. … Some day we will realize that the

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prime duty of the good citizen of the right type is to leave his

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blood behind him in the world, and that we have no business

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to perpetuate citizens of the wrong type.” Those words were

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written by the 26^th president of the United States, Theodore

Соединенные (Штаты)

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Roosevelt.

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In fairs and expositions in both Britain and America, the

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laws of genetic inheritance were depicted, often on a

демонстрировали

(действие законов)

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vertical board displaying an array of stuffed guinea pigs.

чучела (морских свинок)

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They were arranged to show the inheritance of fur color

(были) выстроены

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from one generation to the next generation. The point

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of the exhibits was made clear by accompanying text. One

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chart stated:” Unfit human traits such as feeblemindedness,

(В одном из них было)

сказано

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epilepsy, criminality, insanity, alcoholism, pauperism and

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many others run in families and are inherited in exactly the

передаются

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same way as color in guinea pigs.” Another exhibit placard

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asked: ”How long are we Americans to be so careful for the

ставила вопрос

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pedigree of our pigs and chickens and cattle – and then leave

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the ancestry of our children to chance?”

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These ideas were not merely intellectual exercises. Tens of

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thousands of “undesirables” were sterilized in both North

подверглись

стерилизации

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America and Europe. Of course, the definition of who or

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what was undesirable depended largely on the views of those

зависило

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making the decisions to force sterilization. In the state of

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Missouri, U.S.A. , for example, legislation was proposed that

(был) предложен

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called for the sterilization of those “convicted of murder,

требовал

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rape, highway robbery, chicken stealing, bombing, or theft

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of automobiles.” In its misguided effort to achieve a master

ошибочных (попытках)

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race in one generation, Nazi Germany went a step further.

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After the forced sterilization of up to 225,000 people,

насильственной

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millions of others – Jews, Romanies (Gypsies), the disabled,

инвалидов

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and other “undesirables” – were exterminated under the

(были) уничтожены

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guise of eugenics.

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Because of the barbarism of the Nazi era, eugenics took on

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an ugly connotation, and many hoped that this field of study

надеялись

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had been laid to rest, buried with the millions who died in its

“похороненная”,… погибли

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name. In the 1970’s, however, reports circulated of

стали распространяться

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scientific advances in the fledgling field of molecular

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biology. Some feared that these advances might fuel a return

опасались

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to the ideas that had seduced Europe and North America

прельстили

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earlier in the century. For example, in 1977 a prominent

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biologist warned his colleagues at a National Academy of

предупреждал

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Scienceforum on recombinant DNA: “This research is going

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to bring us one step closer to genetic engineering of people.

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That’s where they figure out how to have us produce

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children with ideal characteristics. … The last time the ideal

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children had blond hair, blue eyes and Aryan genes.”

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Many today would consider it ludicrous to compare the

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advances in genetic engineering with Hitler’s eugenic

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program. Seventy years ago, there were harsh demands for

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racial purity. Today people talk about improving health and

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the quality of life. The old eugenics was rooted in politics

(была) связана с

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and fueled by bigotry and hatred. The new advances in

в основе ее “успехов”

лежали фанатизм и

ненависть

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genetic research are fueled by commercial interests and

ускоряются

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consumer desires for better health. But while there are major

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differences, the goal of shaping people to our own genetic

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prejudices may sound much like the old eugenics.