- •1. The notion of a predicative line. The traditional classification of notional parts (members of the sentence): principal/secondary/detached.
- •2. The notions of surface and deep structures of the sentence. “Case grammar” theory of Ch. Fillmore. “Immediate constituents’.
- •3. Verb as the predicative centre of the sentence. The notion of the “elementary” sentence.
- •4. The two axes of the sentence; their correlation with complete and elliptical sentences.
- •5. Semantic classification of simple sentences.
- •6. Paradigmatic approach in syntax. The initial basic element of syntactic derivation. Derivational transformations. Clausalization and phrasalization.
- •7. “Lower” and “higher” predicative functions. The notion of “predicative load”.
- •9. The complex sentence as a polypredicative construction. The matrix/insert sentences. The principal/subordinate clause. Semantic types of subordinators. The zero subordinator.
- •12A. The types of semi-complex sentences.
- •12B. The types of semi-compound sentences.
12B. The types of semi-compound sentences.
The semi-compound sentence is a semi-composite sentence built on the principle of coordination (parataxis). Paradigmatically, the semi-compound sentence is built by two or more base sentences, which have 1) an identical subject or 2) an identical predicate (or both). In the process of semi-compounding, the two predicative lines overlap around the common element, the other principal parts being coordinated. For example, sentences with coordinated (homogeneous) predicates are derived from two or more base sentences having identical subjects; they build a poly-predicate subject-sharing type of semi-compound sentence: She entered the room and closed the door behind her. - She entered the room. + She closed the door behind her. One of the base sentences, as the example shows, becomes the leading clause of the semi-compound sentence, and the other one is transformed into the sequential coordinate semi-clause (expansion), referring to the same subject.
As for coordinated homogeneous subjects referring to the same predicate not all of them build separate predicative lines, but only those which are connected adversatively, or contrastingly, or are detached in some other way, e.g.: Tom is participating in this project, and Jack too; Tom, then (not) Jack, is participating in this project. - Tom is participating in this project. + Jack is (not) participating in this project. Coordinated subjects do not form separate predicative lines with the predicate, but are connected with it as a group subject; this is shown by the person and number form of the predicate: Tom and Jack are participating in this project.
The coordinative connections between the parts of semi-compound sentences are the same as the connections in compound sentences proper: unmarked coordination is expressed by the purely copulative conjunction and or by the zero coordinator; marked coordination includes the relations of disjunction (alteration), consequence, adversative relations, etc.