II. Scan the text. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words:
а) суммарные издержки, технические условия (требования), выкупленные готовые товары, сопутствующий товар, точка розничной торговли, частично фабрично обработанные товары, прибыль, монтаж, заказ, каналы распределения, по получении, сталеплавильная печь, стальная заготовка, в добываемом виде, переработка, трансформирование, торговое предприятие (фирма).
б) закупать, влиять (на что-либо), становится приемлемым, воспользоваться преимуществом, уменьшать, подвергать воздействию чего-либо, предпринимать (совершать), ограничиваться чем-либо
III. Read the text once again. While reading define if the sentences are true (t) or false (f). Correct the false ones.
A manufacturing business usually converts materials it acquires into something of use to a particular group of consumers.
Raw materials are always ready for use or for resale as received.
Partly manufactured parts are received with some of the work having already been performed upon them.
The finished product of one business can become the material of another.
Bought-out finished items comprise assembly with other parts to become the product of that business.
Some industries purchase a large proportion of raw materials, so that their total material content can be quite high.
The form of materials used by manufacturers depends upon how much conversion the manufacturer elects to undertake.
IV. Scan the text and answer the questions:
Is the form of the material in its finished state unrecognisable from that in which it was first received?
What converts the material into something of use to a particular group of consumers?
Is the form of materials used by manufacturers in the same industry the same?
What does the form of materials depend upon?
Can iron, ore, gravel be considered as partly manufactured parts?
Castings and forgings fall into the category of raw materials, don’t they?
Does a finished product or material pass to the consumer?
Is it possible to make BOF items to the specific requirements of the purchaser?
Is there such an alternative for the potential purchaser of BOF items whether he should make the item himself or purchase it from someone else?
Why are some materials used in assisting production referred to as indirect materials?
Can BOF items comprise the largest portion of the subsequent product?
Compress the text using “TRACK & DICE” model.
VI. Complete the chart using the text “Classification of materials” and speak about each category.
Language at work /Some/Any/No
I. Search for examples of word combinations with some/any and their variations in the text “Classification of materials”. Consult Grammar Reference.
II. Choose the right variant
1. The term “raw”, however, is generally accepted as referring to … material that has to be further worked upon by a business to become the finished product of that particular business.
a) some b) any c) no d) something
2. flour as the product of the miller can find its way through the distributive channels and be purchased from … retail outlet.
a) some b) any c) nothing d) something
3. The term “bought-out finished items” includes all items upon which the receiving business is required to do … further work.
a) someone b) anything c) no d) nothing
4. Some businesses don’t undertake … manufacture themselves but confine themselves to assembling items made by others.
a) some b) any c) anything d) something
5. The group of partly manufactured parts relates to parts of a product which are received with … of the work having already been performed upon them.
a) some b) any c) no d) something
6. BOF items may be made to the specific requirements of the purchaser, or they may be standard product acceptable in that form by the purchaser or changed in … way to become acceptable.
a) some b) any c) anything d) something
7. Within this context the potential purchaser of BOF items or partly manufactured parts will himself challenge as to whether he should make the item himself or purchase it from … else.
a) someone b) anything c) no d) nothing
Communication
I. Match the given headings to different parts of the text “Classification of materials”, put them in the right order using the text and take turns in retelling the different parts of the text to your partner:
1. Basic elements for finished products
2. Ready for use items
3. Items to be manufactured for their usage
II. Imagine that you’ve recently attended a conference devoted to different kinds of materials and their usage. Discuss the new information with your partner using the text and the conversational formulas.
Writing
Compress the text using “TRACK & DICE” model.
B. Starting point.
What multinational companies do you know?
What materials do they use?
Do you know anything about their suppliers or partners?
Reading
I. Skim the text to grasp the general idea. Think of the most suitable heading.
A trade fair (or trade show) is an exhibition organized so that companies in a specific industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products, service, study activities of rivals and examine recent trends and opportunities. Some trade fairs are open to the public, while others can only be attended by company representatives (members of the trade) and members of the press, therefore trade shows are classified as either “Public” or “Trade Only”. They are held on a continuing basis in virtually all markets normally attract companies from around the globe. There are currently over 2500 trade shows held every year in the U.S. alone, and several online directories have been established to help organizers, attendees, and marketers identify appropriate events.
Trade shows provide a forum for companies to display and demonstrate their products to potential buyers who have a special interest in buying these products. The compacted time frame and concentrated location of trade shows are cost-effective for exhibiting companies and convenient for buyers.
Since the 1960s, trade shows have become an increasingly prominent part of the promotional mix. Their relative importance is reflected in the promotional expenditures of U.S. companies. Larger amounts are spent each year on trade exhibitions than on magazine, radio, and out-door advertising; only newspaper and television advertising receive a larger share of promotional dollars.
The primary role of trade shows in the promotional mix is that of a selling medium. Depending on the type of product being exhibited, selling activities can involve booking orders or developing leads for future sales. If show regulations permit, they can even involve selling products directly at the exhibit.
Participating companies can also accomplish nonpromotional marketing objectives at trade shows. Market research data, for example, can be collected from show visitors. Competitors’ offerings can be evaluated. And contacts can be made with potential suppliers and sales representatives.
More than 10,000 trade shows are held in the United States each year, and the number is growing. Nearly half of those are large business-to-business shows with 100 or more booths. The smaller exhibitions include both business-to-business and consumer shows.