Students’ Staff

Babak K.

(Vinnytsya)

Learning and teaching english grammar

A great amount of works by famous linguists proves the importance of learning grammar as one of the basic aspects of any language. The work of Noam Chomksy and others not only generated great excitement within linguists, but also had a considerable impact in other fields. Today, there is a more even balance in the major areas of linguistic research, but theories of grammar are still being considered a central part of language study.

A grammatical model of a language is an attempt to represent systematically and overtly what the native speaker of that language intuitively knows. A model is thus a system of rules that relates patterned sounds to predictable meanings and which reflects a speaker’s ability to make infinite use of finite means.

As yet, there is no model for English which totally meets all requirements for an adequate grammar of the language, although many models have been advanced and they all have their uses.

The idea of “grammar” and of practicing grammar skills seems to frighten many people. In fact, this may be connected with the nature of language itself – grammar attempts to make generalizations about language structure, but language is more complex in its structure than it seems to be after the first simple analysis. This problem is being solved by pedagogic grammar, which is used by students and teachers involved in teaching or learning a foreign language. Typically it contains simplified (in comparison with general, theoretical grammar), explicit accounts of the main morphological and syntactic structures of a language, often with exercises or drills intended to help students to learn these structures.

Taking everything into consideration, an important conclusion must be made: grammar of any language, and English grammar in particular, still remains an important subject of studying both from the linguistic point of view and methodological one.

Beklemysheva A.

(Vinnitsia)

Narrator in a modern novel

Narratology is the study that developed in 1960s to investigate the strategies of narration. The existing German, French and American schools of narratology were aimed at classifying approaches and creating a comprehensive analysis of narration and its role in literary discourse.

It is fair to say that every literary discourse is unique, yet there is one thing in common and that is the category of narrator. However, to state that the author and the narrator are the same notions would be not literary correct since narrator is a key stylistic devise proficiently chosen by the author to project the literary world by means of language, selection of episodes, and even by graphical perception of the text itself. Therefore, the reader gets the feeling of either implicit or explicit entity that makes the described world work.

The narrative psycho-technologies prove that narrating of an individual becomes a reflection of his personality and his experiences, which finally may result into the “I”-concept of the teller who is responsible for the coherence and cohesion in the story.

Such literary trends as Modernism and Postmodernism suggest new tendencies in the novel. Thus the changes can be singled out due to the way the narrator is perceived. Hence the indicial signs of the narrator’s personality are within the realm of study of philologists and literary critics. So far the works of I. Behta and V. Schmitt cover the types of narrator and criteria thereof.

To sum up, the epoch with its social and universal phenomena have influenced modern literature to such extend that greater attention is paid to the narrator than it used to be. The narrator is now actuarial, he becomes approximated to the characters, and he is multidimensional, which enables the reader to analyze the literary discourse from many perspectives. There are no longer instructions and morals interwoven in the text, yet a number of subjective points of view which set a new task before the reader and that is to form a more or less objective idea of the modern novel with the help of the key figure and medium - the narrator, embodied in the narrative world.

Bryk M.

(Vinnytsia)