Vlasenko Yu.

(Vinnytsia)

Political discourse (p. D.) as viewed in modern philology

The definition of political discource is rather vague, different scholars tackle P.D. from different angles. According to Webster's dictionary, the concept of discourse points out two major meanings: (a) formal communication of thoughts on a serious subject through words (spoken or written) and (b) rationality or the ability to reason. Political discourse is the formal exchange of reasoned views as to which of several alternative courses of action should be taken to solve a societal problem. It is intended to involve all citizens in the making of a decision, persuade others (through valid information and logic), and clarify what course of action would be the most effective in solving the societal problem.

As for differences of text and discourse, O. S. Kubryakova says: "Although the text is an emergent formation (which occurs during process), it is studied in its finished form, as something finite. It also distinguishes it from the discourse, the study of which naturally precedes the process of its emergence. In any case, discourse analysis requires the restoration of the process of its formation, even of

his study results" [2, 74].

Scientist E. Benveniste defines discourse as all kinds of statements that presuppose the presence of communicants: the recipient, the sender, but also the intentions of the sender in some way to affect his interlocutor" [1, 276-279].

Rather common is the usage of the word “discourse” as the synonym for the word “text”, although there is no copyright on the usage of the term “discourse”.

Список використаної літератури

1. Бенвенист Э., Общая лингвистика, М., 1974;

2. Кубрякова Е.С, Словообразование и другие сферы языковой системы в структуре номинативного акта. Innsbruck, 2000.

Volkovska a.

(Vinnytsya)

Syntactical pecularities of the beatles’ songs

The Beatles’ songs are considered to be an important contribution to the world literature. As well as style, syntax of the songs may be of some linguistic interest.

Inversion is known to be especially peculiar to poetry, it helps to create the required rhythm, but one more effect of it – is stressing the key word or idea in the sentence:

“Scarlet were the clothes she wore”(Yes It Is)

In this example inversion helps stress the word “scarlet” (the lyrical hero of the song asks his girlfriend not to wear red clothes, because his beloved girl used to wear that colour and it would remind him of her).

The rhetorical question is a special syntactical stylistic device the essence of which consists in reshaping the grammatical meaning of the interrogative sentence. In other words, the question is no longer a question proper but a statement expressed in the form of an interrogative sentence:

“Was I to blame for being unfair?”(I Call Your Name)

The rhetorical question re-enforces this essential quality of interrogative sentences and uses it to convey a stronger emotive meaning. If we paraphrase the example into “I was not to blame for being unfair”, it may lose the primary effect.

Repetition is traditionally used when the speaker is under the stress of strong emotion. The stylistic device of repetition aims at logical emphasis, an emphasis necessary to fix the attention of the reader on the key-word of the utterance. In the Beatles’ songs repetitions play a significant part, they help in strengthening emotions and stressing main ideas:

“It won't be long yeah, yeah, yeah It won't be long yeah, yeah, yeah

It won't be long yeah, till I belong to you”(It won’t be long)

Consequently, these syntactical peculiarities are of great importance, especially in decoding the Beatles’ poetic texts.

Zayarna V.

(Vinnytsia)