Post-reading tasks:

Task 1. Reproduce sentences in which the following words and word-combinations are used.

Structural parts; to come to the conclusion; to be similar; essential parts; numerous processes; granular in appearance; protoplasmic bodies; multiply; minute bodies; microscopic droplets; to form cavities; colored with pigments; outermost part; pectic material; to extend.

Task 2. Say if the following statements are correct. If not, give the right variant.

1. Bodies of both plants and animals consist of cells.

2. The size and shape of plants are different, but their protoplasms are similar.

3. Plastids, the minute cell bodies are in the nucleus.

4. The nucleus is different from protoplasm in that its proteins are less complex.

5. Vacuoles appear only when the cell enlarges.

6. The cells of many flowers are colored with pigments in the cell sap.

7. The cell wall is surrounded by a thin cellulose layer.

Task 3. Match the terms with their definitions.

nucleus	a watery liquid contained in the vacuoles of plant cells
cell	a thick coat formed outside the cell membrane of plants, fungi and most bacteria
cell sap	the part of the cellular protoplasm not located in the nucleus
vacuole	an organelle of cells that is bounded by a nuclear membrane and contains the chromosomes
cell wall	an organelle of plant cells, with a double membrane
plastid	the structural unit of most organisms consisting of protoplasm bounded by a semi-permeable membrane and usually containing one nucleus
cytoplasm	the transmission of characteristics from one generation to another via a mechanism involving genes and chromosomes
protoplasm	a membrane-bound compartment within the cytoplasm of a cell, containing cell sap
chromosome	the living contents of a cell, i.e. the cytoplasm and nucleus
heredity	a structure found in the nucleus of cells which contains DNA

Task 4. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words.

vacuole	cell	minute
property	protoplasm	hereditary
droplet	cell wall	to be recognized

1. The early microscopists were fascinated with the world of … plants and animals unseen before.

2. The properties which we associate with life are the properties of … that is differentiated inti cytoplasm, nucleus and plastids.

3. In the development of the plant cell … filled with “cell sap” appears.

4. Fine … of water are usually dispersed in fatty materials.

5. The jelly-like parts of the … which was named protoplasm is not a single chemical substances.

6. … resemblances and dissimilarities reappear in succeeding generations.

7. In some cells … may retain its central position, supported by cytoplasmic strands.

8. The properties of the microscopically visible parts of plant – the protoplasmic structures and … are determined in part by the kinds of molecules of which they are composed.

9. Oxygen and hydrogen are gasses with specific …

10. When treated with a diluted solution of iodine, starch grains may … by their various shades of blue and purple.

TRANSLATION: Translate the following text into Russian.

Клетка – это элементарная живая система. Она лежит в основе строения и развития растительных и животных организмов. Это самая маленькая единица организма. Клетки, из которых состоит живой организм, не являются идентичными, однако имеют много общих признаков. Это доказывает единство происхождения всех живых организмов, населяющих Землю.

Типичная клетка состоит из плазматической мембраны, цитоплазмы, ядра. Растительные клетки имеют еще и вакуоль, целлюлозную оболочку и разного типа пластиды.

Цитоплазма – одна из основных частей клетки. Это живая коллоидная система с субмикроскопической структурой. В очень малых растительных клетках цитоплазма заполняет всю клетку. Затем с развитием клетки появляются вакуольные пузырьки, которое со временем образуют вакуоль.

Ядро – самый крупный компонент клетки. В нем осуществляются важнейшие метаболические и генетические функции клетки. Форма ядер различна, она зависит от строения клетки и внешних условий. Обычно клетки содержат одно ядро, но ткани некоторых клеток имеют и по два ядра.

SPEAKING: Look through the text again and

a) describe the cell structure;

b) speak about the components of protoplasm, cytoplasm, nucleus, plastids;

c) characterize the vacuole of a plant cell;

d) describe the structure of a cell wall and say what role it plays in a plant body.

WRITING: Write a brief story using the words below.

MITOCHONDRIA	CYTOPLASM	CHLOROPLAST	CHLOROPHYLL
NUCLEUS	TISSUES	ORGANS	VACUOLE