- •2012 Т.В. Шумило English for biologists
- •Предисловие
- •Unit 1. The science of biology.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 2. Cells as biological units.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 3. Cell structure.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 4. Cell division.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Fig. 2 Diagram of mitosis of a living cell Unit 5. Tissues and organ systems.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 6. Botany.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 7. Plant Kingdom.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 8. Plant structure.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 9. Photosynthesis.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 10. Zoology.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 11. Protozoa.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 12. Insects.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 13. Amphibians.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 14. Reptiles.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 15. Mammals.
- •Nourish ['nʌrɪʃ]
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 16. Anatomy.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 17. Skeleton and muscles.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 18. The circulatory system. Respiration.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 19. The nervous system. The brain.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 20. The digestive system. Foods.
- •Post-reading tasks:
Post-reading tasks:
TAs 1. Answer the following questions.
What is anatomy?
What does anatomy include?
What has the history of anatomy been characterized?
What is human anatomy?
What is the human nervous system composed of?
What are the main functions of the nervous system?
How does the heart muscle contract?
Why do we need our bony skeleton?
What are the functions of our intestine?
What is portal vein?
Task 2. Complete the following sentences.
… … is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body.
The human … … connects the eyes, ears, skin, and other sense organs with the muscles, organs, and glands.
… … is very strong as it has to pump blood through networks of small blood vessels around the body.
Lungs take … from the air into the blood and also get rid of … … .
The number of times the heart contracts, or beats, in a minute is known as the … … .
Our … … provides a firm attachment for the body’s muscles.
The … protects our lungs and heart.
Our … is a waterproof protective covering for the whole body.
The … is the blood’s cleaning and sorting center.
The … pass urine to the bladder, and pass the clean blood back to the heart.
Task 3. Say if the following statements are correct. If not, give the right variant.
Anatomy is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy and plant anatomy.
Human anatomy is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the young human body.
The human nervous system connects the effectors with the receptors.
Our heart is the pump at the center of our blood system.
Heart muscle doesn’t contract automatically.
Our bony skeleton protects the body’s muscles.
Above the intestine lie the kidneys.
Portal vein connects the intestines directly to the kidneys.
Our intestine absorbs nutrients from food we have eaten and collects waste material.
The kidneys pass this waste to the bladder.
Task 4. Read the text and answer the following questions.
Your heart is really a muscle. It's located a little to the left of the middle of your chest, and it's about the size of your fist. There are lots of muscles all over your body - in your arms, in your legs, in your back, even in your behind. But this muscle is special because of what it does - the heart sends blood around your body. The blood provides your body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs. It also carries away the waste that your body has to get rid of.
Your heart is sort of like a pump, or two pumps in one. The right side of your heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart does the exact opposite: it receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. By the time you're grown up, your heart will be beating (pumping) about 70 times a minute.
How does the heart beat? Before each beat, your heart fills with blood. Then it contracts to squirt the blood along. When something contracts, it squeezes tighter - try squeezing your hand into a fist. That's sort of like what your heart does so it can squirt out the blood. Your heart does this all day and all night, all the time. Every day, an adult heart pumps 2,000 gallons (7,500 liters) of recycled blood by filling and contracting. The heart is one tough worker!
Where is your heart located?
Where else can you find muscles in your body besides the heart?
Why do we need a heart?
Which organ(s) directly works with the heart?
TRANSLATION: Translate the sentences into English.
Анатомия человека — раздел биологии, изучающий морфологию человеческого организма, его систем и органов.
Предметом изучения анатомии человека являются форма и строение, происхождение и развитие человеческого организма
Термин «анатомия» происходит от греческого «анатоме», что означает рассечение.
Один из методов изучения строения человека – вскрытие тела и изучение его органов.
Анатомия человека тесно связана с физиологией – наукой о жизненных функциях организма и органов.
Первые упоминания о строении человеческого тела встречаются в Древнем Египте.
Большое влияние на развитие анатомии человека оказали учёные Древней Греции.
В эпоху Средневековья в анатомии человека не было сделано существенных открытий. В этот период были запрещены вскрытия, изготовление скелетов.
На протяжении XVII—XVIII вв. появляются не только новые открытия в области анатомии, но и начинает выделяться ряд новых дисциплин: гистология, эмбриология, антропология и др.
Для анатомических исследований современная анатомия использует большой набор методик, которые постоянно меняются, совершенствуются и дополняются.
SPEAKING: Render the text.