Post-reading tasks:

Task 1. Answer the following questions.

1. What is entomology?

2. How is the body of an adult insect divided?

3. When is metamorphosis complete?

4. Are there any differences between complete and incomplete metamorphosis?

5. What parts does the beetle’s body consist of?

6. What segments is the thorax composed of?

7. How many pairs of legs do beetles have?

8. What can you say about the eyes of the beetle?

9. Has the beetle any organs of smell and touch?

10. What can you say about the external covering of the beetle?

Task 2. Complete the following sentences.

1. The insects are highest in the scale of … development.

2. Trachea or air tubes, are the organs of … ; and Malpighian tubes are the characteristic organs of … .

3. There are various … which do no possess all these typical characteristics.

4. The adult first lays an egg, which develops into a worm-like stage called … .

5. In … … the insect passes through only three stages – egg, nymph (naiad), and … .

6. The beetle’s body consists of three clearly distinctive parts – head, … , and … .

7. On each side of the … … are small openings used for breathing.

8. The two main pairs of wings, the forewings, which are hard, and the … …, are also used as means of … .

9. External … is composed of a substance known as …, which is excreted by the skin cells.

10. The beetle is unable to …, therefore quite large pieces of leaves enter the … .

Task 3. Say if the following statements are correct. If not, give the right variant.

1. The insects are found almost everywhere

2. The scientific study of insects is known as ornithology.

3. The body of an adult insect is divided into four regions: head, thorax, abdomen and tail.

4. All insects, at some time in their life history, have three pairs of wings.

5. Metamorphosis is said to be complete or indirect when the insect passes through three stages in its life history – egg, nymph (naiad), and adult..

6. Complete metamorphosis is characteristic of bees, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, etc.

7. Molting may take place many times before the insect becomes an adult.

8. The eyes of the beetle are compound, made up of a large number of separate units.

9. Different sections of the beetle’s skeleton and body, as well as the legs, are set into motion by the intestine.

10. The beetle takes a leaf between its legs which end in fingers, and bites off a piece with its jaws.

Task 4. Match the terms with their definitions.

1. abdomen	a) the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation
2. insect	b) the immature form of some invertebrates, particularly insects, which undergoes gradual metamorphosis before reaching its adult stage
3. pupa	c) a casing spun of silk by many moth caterpillars, and numerous other insect larvae as a protective covering for the pupa
4. thorax	d) organs of flight
5. nymph	e) a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults.
6. larva	f) the posterior of the three body regions of an adult insect
7. metamorphosis	g) paired, flexible, segmented sensory appendages on the head of an insect functioning primarily as an organ of touch.
8. cocoon	h) a division of an animal's body that lies between the head and the abdomen
9. antennae	i) a class of living creatures within the arthropods that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body, three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and two antennae.
10. wings	j) a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation

Task 5. Label the diagram below, using the words from the box.

Abdomen head compound eye leg thorax antenna

Task 6. Fill in the blanks below using words from the box.

abdomen	three	cycle	acid
stages	exoskeleton	jaws	egg
male	adult	metamorphoses	jointed

Ants, like all insects, have 1)________________________ legs, 2)________________________ body parts (the head, thorax and 3)________________________), a pair of antennae, and a hard exoskeleton. The 4)_____________________________ is made up of a material that is very similar to our fingernails. Ants range in color from yellow to brown to red to black.

Some ants have a stinger and some can even inject poisonous 5)________________________ from the stinger (the stinger is at the tip of the abdomen, the rear body segment). Ants can also bite using their 6)________________________ (mandibles). Ants range in size from about 0.08 inch (2 mm) to up to about 1 inch (25 mm) long.

The life cycle of the ant has four 7)________________________: ________________________, larva, pupa, and 8)________________________. Fertilized eggs produce female ants (queens, workers, or soldiers); unfertilized eggs produce 9)________________________ ants. The worm-like larvae have no eyes and no legs; they eat food regurgitated by adult ants. The larvae molt (shed their skin) many times as they grow. After reaching a certain size, they spin a silk-like cocoon (against a solid object, like the wall of the chamber) and pupate. During this time the body 10)________________________ (changes) into its adult form. The pupa emerges as an adult. The entire life 11)________________________ usually lasts from 6 to 10 weeks. Some queens can live over 15 years, and some workers can live for up to 7 years.

TRANSLATION: Translate the sentences into English.

1. По окраске, особенностям строения тела, величине и другим признакам насекомые могут существенно различаться между собой.

2. Насекомые появились в Девонском периоде около 400 млн. лет назад.

3. У взрослых насекомых, как правило, одна пара усиков и две пары крыльев.

4. Некоторые виды, например блохи и вши, вообще не имеют крыльев, тогда как у мух всего одна пара.

5. Взрослые особи откладывают яйца, из которых впоследствии развиваются личинки.

6. Личинки едят очень много, и на этом этапе они могут нанести серьезный ущерб сельскохозяйственным культурам.

7. Тело майского жука состоит из трех основных частей: головы, груди и живота.

8. На голове располагается пара усиков, глаза и рот.

9. Усики служат в качестве органов обоняния, жуки способны почувствовать запах пища на значительных расстояниях.

10. Насекомые играют большую роль в природе, ведь они занимают 80% все животных на планете.

11. Более чем 75% растений опыляется насекомыми.

WRITING: Write an essay on the following topic “Discover the wonderful world of insects”.