- •2012 Т.В. Шумило English for biologists
- •Предисловие
- •Unit 1. The science of biology.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 2. Cells as biological units.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 3. Cell structure.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 4. Cell division.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Fig. 2 Diagram of mitosis of a living cell Unit 5. Tissues and organ systems.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 6. Botany.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 7. Plant Kingdom.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 8. Plant structure.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 9. Photosynthesis.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 10. Zoology.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 11. Protozoa.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 12. Insects.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 13. Amphibians.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 14. Reptiles.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 15. Mammals.
- •Nourish ['nʌrɪʃ]
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 16. Anatomy.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 17. Skeleton and muscles.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 18. The circulatory system. Respiration.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 19. The nervous system. The brain.
- •Post-reading tasks:
- •Unit 20. The digestive system. Foods.
- •Post-reading tasks:
Post-reading tasks:
Task 1. Answer the following questions.
What can you say about Aristotle’s suggestion of animal classification?
Do you now any modern classifications? Speak about it.
How would you divide animals according to their diet?
How can animals move?
What can you say about sexual and asexual reproduction?
What forms of behavior of animals do you know?
Task 2. Say if the following statements are correct. If not, give the right variant.
Animal are one-celled organisms that obtain energy by eating food.
Scientists divide the animal kingdom into approximately 30 groups.
Some animals are omnivores, meaning that they are capable of surviving on a very wide range of foods.
Wherever they live, animals need nitrogen in order to survive.
Jointed limbs are found in only one group of animals.
Asexual reproduction involves only a single animal.
Aestivation allows animals to survive drought and heat in winter.
Group defense is common in herding mammals.
Task 3. Find sentences with the following phrases in the text.
Habitat; fur; herbivores; phylum; gills; generations; egg cells; environmental conditions; tool-using; wolves; gestures.
Task 4. Match the terms with their definitions.
1. habitat |
a) any animal that eats meat |
2. omnivore |
b) to spend the winter in a state like deep sleep |
3. herbivore |
c) a group of animals of the same type that live and feed together |
4. carnivore |
d) an animal that eats all types of food, esp. both plants and meat |
5. hibernate |
e) a process of reproduction that involves a pair of animals |
6. aestivate |
f) one of the openings on the side of a fish’s head that it breathes through |
7. gill |
g) a process of reproduction that involves only a single animal |
8. herd |
h) the place where a particular type of animal or plant is normally found |
9. sexual reproduction |
i) to spend the summer in a sleep |
10. asexual reproduction |
j) any animal that eats only plants |
Task 5. Put the parts of the sentences in the right order.
distinguished / reproduction / between / and / sexual / Aristotle / asexual.
multicellular / that / are / energy / eating / animal / by / obtain / food / organisms.
live / animals / range / in / a / habitats / vast / of.
all / on / organic / animals / feed / matter.
limbs / found / two / are / only / jointed / in / of / groups / animals.
behavior / animals / help / many / to survive / environmental / forms / conditions / of / severe.
defense / common / group / is / mammals / in / herding.
TRANSLATION: Translate the sentences into English.
Отдел зоологии, посвященный изучению строения животных, носит общее название морфологии.
Зоология — наука о животных, составляет часть науки о живых существах, биологии.
Зоология тесно связана с медициной, ботаникой, географией и другими науками.
Как наука зоология зародилась в древней Греции.
«Отцом зоологии» признают Аристотеля. Довольно подробно он описал строение, образ жизни и распространение 454 видов Животных.
Под влиянием этого учения Дарвина главной задачей зоологии стало выяснение процесса исторического развития животного мира
Развивая учение Ч. Дарвина, зоологи стали выяснять родственные отношения между видами, родами, семействами и другими систематическими группами животных.
Зоология подразделяется на ряд отдельных дисциплин: систематику, морфологию, физиологию, эмбриологию, генетику и экологию животных и т.д.
Изучение одноклеточных существ, анатомическое исследование органов и тканей осуществляется на рубеже XVI и XVII вв. и связано с изобретением микроскопа.
В своей классификации К. Линней описал более 300 родов животных (4208 видов), которые были сгруппированы им в классы (млекопитающих, птиц, рептилий, рыб, насекомых, червей, моллюсков и прочих низших животных).
SPEAKING: Prove that life in the Earth is impossible without animals.
WRITING: Give a short summary of the text.