(Настоящее длительное время)

Утвердительная форма
I		am V-ing		I am going (walking)
She Не		is V- ing		She is going (walking) He is going (walking)
We You They		are V-ing		We are going (walking) You are going (walking) They are going (walking)
Отрицательная форма
I	am not		V-ing		I am not going
She Не	is not (isn 't)		V-ing		She is not going He isn't going
We You They	are not (aren't)		V-ing		We are not going You aren't going They are not going

Вопросительные конструкции:
Общий вопрос	Альтернативный вопрос	Разделительный вопрос	Специальный вопрос
Is she reading a book?	Is she reading a book or a newspaper?	She is reading a book, isn't she?	What is she reading now?
Are they playing tennis?	Are they playing tennis or football?	They are playing tennis, aren't they?	What are they doing at the moment?

Указатели времени:

now, at the moment, constantly, always, right now, still.

Данная видо-временная форма может выражать:

1. действие, происходящее в момент речи. The kids are watching the new cartoons now.

This team is playing very well today.

I can't understand what you are doing. It is still raining.

2. действие, охватывающее некоторый период времени в настоящем.

She is working too hard this term. No ice-cream for me. I am slimming.

Nelly is studying at University. She is writing her diploma now.

3. эмоционально окрашенную характеристику лица. Как правило, это отрицательная оценка.

Не is always chewing.

She is constantly talking about money.

Why are you always losing your things?

NB: Глаголы be, look, feel могут употребляться в длительной форме для выражения действия в какой-то конкретный момент. В современном английском языке это практически стало нормой. I am feeling better today. You're looking rather strange. Are you feeling all right?

4. заранее запланированное действие, которое произойдет в ближайшем будущем. Употребляется с глаголами движения: move, come, go, leave, return, start.

We are leaving tomorrow. The show is starting soon. They are returning next month. Are you moving to the new flat?

5. действие в процессе, которое происходит одновременно с другим действием (в Present Simple). Данная видо-временная форма употребляется в придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов: when, while, as long as, if, in case, unless. David always talks when he is eating.

Watch traffic lights when you are crossing the road. Try not to make noise when you are drinking your tea. My father never talks when he is driving.

NB: Глаголы see, hear, understand могут употребляться в длительной форме для выражения сильных эмоций, обычно в языке художественных произведений.

I can't believe what I'm hearing and seeing. Am I understanding you correctly, my dear?

PRESENT PERFECT

(

Указатели времени:

ever, just, already, before, never, not... yet, lately, of late, so far, recently. NB: Recently в значении not long ago («не так давно») употребляется с глаголом в прошедшем времени (Past Simple). I started painting only recently. We met quite recently.

Recently в значении for a short period of time before the present moment (за последнее время) употребляется с глаголом в Present Perfect.

Вопросительные конструкции:
Общий вопрос	Альтернативный вопрос	Разделительный вопрос	Специальный вопрос
Have they been to Paris?	Have they been to Paris or Rome?	They have been to Paris, haven't they?	Why have they been to Paris?
Has Ann visited you?	Has Ann or Mary visited you?	Ann has visited you, hasn't she?	Who has visited you?

НАСТОЯЩЕЕ ЗАВЕРШЁННОЕ ВРЕМЯ)

Утвердительная форма
I			I have gone (walked)
We	have V3		We have gone (walked)
You			You have gone
They			(walked)
			They have gone
			(walked)
She	has V3		She has gone (walked)
He			He has gone (walked)
Отрицательная форма
I			I have not gone
We	have not	V3	(walked)
You	(haven't)		They haven't gone
They			(walked)
She	has not	V3	She has not gone
He	(hasn't)		(walked)
			He hasn't gone
			(walked)

I haven't heard from her recently. He has made good progress recently. Have you bought anything new lately? I haven't had lunch yet. She hasn't written to me so far.

Just, как правило, употребляется с глаголом в Present Perfect. Just now употребляется с глаголом в Past Simple. Сравните:

I have just heard this news. -1 heard the news just now. She has just been here. - She was here just now.

Present Perfect возможно с обстоятельствами времени, которые обозначают незаконченный период времени (today, this morning, this week, this month, this year, etc). Если период времени окончен, то используется простое прошедшее время (Past Simple). Did you read the article in "The Times" this morning? (утро закончилось) I haven't had time to look at the paper today, (сегодняшний день еще не закончился)