
- •Курс английского языка для финансистов
- •Предисловие
- •Unit 1. Economic environment a. Text what is economics all about?
- •B. Dialogue business climate in russia
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the above questions, write several paragraphs on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 2. Public finance a. Text finance and financial system
- •B. Dialogue budget organization and budget process
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •A) The Budget Message of the Mayor
- •April 27, 1995
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of these questions, write several paragraphs on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 3. Fiscal management a. Text financial policy. Fiscal sphere
- •B. Dialogue effective fiscal policy
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •A) Financial Policy
- •B) Fiscal Policy in the uk
- •Discussion
- •A) Multiyear Budgeting
- •B) Types of Budget Classification
- •A) Fiscal Policy in Transition Economies: a Major Challenge
- •B) On Macro- and Microeconomics
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the discussion of the questions, write a short essay on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Transition Economies Need to Reform Social Safety Nets
- •Unit 4. Central banking. Monetary policy a. Text central banking system
- •B. Dialogue banking system in russia
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Us Activities of Foreign Banking Organizations
- •Discussion
- •A) Is Monetary Policy Needed?
- •B) Payment Systems
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a summary of the interview in Ex. 13. Follow the plan suggested below:
- •Reading pra ctice
- •Unit 5. Banking system a. Text commercial banks
- •B. Dialogue
- •Interview With a Bank Manager
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •B) Bank Accounts
- •B) The Nature of Banking
- •Discussion
- •A) Bank Loans and Overdrafts
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a short essay on:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 6. Taxation a. Text what are taxes?
- •B. Dialogue taxation in russia
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •What Is an Excise Duty?
- •Tax Reform in Developing Countries
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a short essay on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 7. International monetary system a. Text
- •International monetary institutions
- •B. Dialogue
- •Imf's support for russian reforms
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •International Monetary Fund
- •Your Partner ebrd
- •World Bank – International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ibrd)
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a short essay on:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 8. Financial markets. The bond market a. Text trading in the bond market
- •B. Dialogue the bond market
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the above questions, write a short essay on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 9. Financial markets. The stock market a. Text stocks and markets
- •B. Dialogue the corporate securities market in russia
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •A) Bulls, Bears and Stags
- •B) Options and Short Selling
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a short essay on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •The New Issue Market
- •Unit 10. Investment activity a. Text
- •Investments
- •B. Dialogue
- •Investment climate
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Investment Companies
- •3 Food Giants Build Local Yogurt Plants
- •Discussion
- •B) Brazil Attracts Foreign Investors
- •C) Investment in the uk
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a short essay on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Investment Skill Is a Rare Commodity
- •Investment Trusts
- •Unit 11. Foreign exchange market. Global financial markets a. Text trading in the foreign exchange market
- •B. Dialogue cornerstone of the global financial market
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •The Eurocurrency Market
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write several short paragraphs about:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 12. Financial management a. Text finance function
- •B. Text financial ratios
- •C. Dialogue ratio analysis
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •A) Corporate Governance
- •B) Investment Management
- •A) Investment Decision Making
- •B) Investment Project Appraisal
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of these questions, write a short paragraph on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 13. Accounting a. Text accounting principles and concepts
- •B. Dialogue accountancy in a free-market economy
- •C. Dialogue public and private accountants
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a short paragraph, explaining:
- •Reading practice
- •Balance Sheet
- •A. Balance sheet
- •Unit 14. Auditing a. Text performing an audit
- •B. Dialogue auditing in russia
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Ex. 4. Say in a few words what the main text is about. Use the opening phrases from
- •Sweden.
- •Independent Auditors' Report to the Board of Directors and Stockholders of_______Company
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write several paragraphs on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Banking correspondence
- •Dictionary of key words
- •Contents
B) Investment Project Appraisal
P.M.: How can an investment project be evaluated?
Con.: There are different techniques. Most common today are UNIDO techniques based on payback period, net discounted cash flow and internal rate of return.
P.M.: What criteria should be used in our case? What do they imply?
Con.: Let's start with the payback period, which is the number of years required to recover the investment needed for the project.
F.M.: Experience has shown that the payback method does not provide reliable information about the project's contribution to the market value of a company. Besides, it disregards time value of money. It's common knowledge that the value of our Rouble today is more than its value to be received after some time.
Con.: Yes, the sum of money to be received in future is less valuable than it is today.
P.M.: What can you say about the other criteria?
Con.: In the opinion of a number of scientists, net discounted cash flow appraisal, based on cash flow discounted at a certain discount rate, is a more effective technique. Net discounted cash flow gives a wider picture of investment results.
P.M.: From my experience, I, for one, think that this technique is more reliable because it takes into consideration all benefits and costs occurring during the entire life of the project.
Con.: Net discounted cash flow is a difference between the cash flow over the project life expressed in terms of its present value and investments in the project.
P.M.: I see. How can the third criterion be determined, I mean the internal rate of return? Does this method have any advantages over the others?
Con: The IRR method also considers the time value of money by discounting the cash streams. But the rate of return is not predetermined. The IRR is based on facts which are internal to the proposal. The idea of the method is that the internal rate of return is equal to the maximum borrowing interest rate that can be repaid over the period of the project life, if the project is financed only from borrowed funds. So the IRR is a measure of investment effectiveness.
P.M.: Which method, do you think, suits us best?
Con.: It's a difficult question to answer. The choice of the method depends on the company's position, size of the investment project, the situation in financial markets. It would be a good idea to use all the methods.
P.M.: It's a hell of a job, isn't it?
Con.: Yes, but these criteria can be easily determined using modern computer equipment.
Words you may need:
capital budget смета капиталовложений
service life срок службы
depreciation n износ, амортизация
profit and loss statement счет прибылей и убытков
UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization) Организация Объединенных Наций по промышленному развитию
manual n руководство, справочник
cash flow risks риск денежного потока
payback period срок окупаемости
discounted cash flow будущие поступления наличными, приведенные в оценке настоящего времени
internal rate of return внутренняя норма доходности
time value of money временная стоимость денег
present value приведенная стоимость
Ex. 14. Give extensive answers to these discussion questions:
How is financial management organized in a typical firm?
What sources of financial resources are used by businesses? How do business firms use their funds? How can they increase their capital?
Explain why all firms need both fixed and working capital.
How are different assets, say current or fixed, managed?
How are financial risks managed?
What do financial managers take into account when they try to strike the right balance between different sources of funds, e.g. between long- and short-term debt or between debt and equity?
What formula for finding the best financial structure for a firm would you suggest?
How can investment projects be evaluated?
What most typical investment strategies are used by business firms?
Financial analysis is the use of financial data to evaluate the financial position of a firm. How does it work in practice?
The purpose of accounting is to keep track of sources and uses of funds and to give an accurate picture of the firm's financial position. What accounting data are used in financial management?