Categorization of music By Katherine Wilcox

A list of genres of music (including sub genres) can be found at List of music genres. However, there are a number of criteria with which one may classify musical genres, including: the Art Popular Traditional distinctions, regional and national distinctions. Art music is the musical expression of high culture. Art music primarily refers to classical music, including European classical music, or others listed at List of classical music styles (including non-European classical music), contemporary classical music (including Electronic art music, Experimental music and Minimalist music). Art music may also include certain forms of Jazz (even though jazz is primarily a form of popular music). Popular music is the musical expression of popular culture. The usual stereotype of “popular music" is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public .For a critical introduction, see the work of Richard Middleton (e.g. Studying Popular Music 1998) and Starr Waterman American Popular Music (2004). Traditional music is the musical expression of Traditional culture. Traditional music is the modern name for what is used to be called "Folk music". Before, the term "Folk music" included a lot of non-traditional material. The defining characteristics of traditional music are: oral transmission: the music is passed down, or learned through singing and listening and sometimes dancing cultural basis: the music deriving from and is part of the traditions of a particular region or culture.

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From The Daily Express 15.03. 2008                              

Elements of music By Thomas Murphy

In modern academy, the arts are usually grouped with the Humanities. Some subjects in the Humanities are history, linguistics, literature, philosophy, women's studies. Music as a kind of art has many different elements. The main elements are: rhythm, melody, harmony, structure, timbre, dynamics, and texture. Each element—and each of its sub-elements, if any—is discussed below. A melody is a series of notes sounding in succession. The notes of a melody are typically created with respect to pitch systems such as scales or modes. The rhythm of a melody is often based on the inflections of language, the physical rhythms of dance, or simply periodic pulsation. Melody is typically divided into phrases within a larger overarching structure. The elements of a melody are pitch, duration, dynamics, and timbre. In the context of theory, a piece of music may be melodically based. In this instance, a composer will first take a melody, and use that to create his or her work. A harmonically based piece, on the contrary, will focus on a chord progression, with the melody as a secondary. In music, dynamics normally refers to the softness or loudness of a sound or note, e.g. pianissimo or fortissimo. Until recently, most of these dynamics and signs were written in Italian, but recently are becoming written or translated into English. However, to every aspect of the execution of a given piece, either stylistic (staccato, legato etc.) or functional (velocity) are also known as dynamics. The term is also applied to the written or printed musical terminology used to indicate dynamics.

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From The Times 29. 09. 2007