II. Выберите английский эквивалент для следующих русских слов:

1. ограничение	а) restrict	b) restrictive
	c) restriction	d) retain
2. взаимодействовать	а) to interfere	b) to interact
	c) to interrupt	d) to intervene
3. налогообложение	а) tax	b) taxi
	c) taxation	d) tip
4. передавать	а) to transfer	b) to treat
	c) to train	d) to touch
5. значительный	a) significance	b) signification
	c) single	d) significant
6. недостаток	а) advantage	b) frame
	c) fault	d) fair
7. преимущество	а) drawback	b) benefit
	c) cause	d) disadvantage

III. Заполните пропуски используя следующие предлоги:

1. through b) to c) at d) by e) without;

1. … one extreme we have a command economy.

2. Some countries are nearer … command economies.

3. The government controls the share of the output … taxation.

4. Some services are provided … the state.

5. In a free market individuals exercise considerable economic freedom of choice … any government restrictions.

IV. Найдите в правой колонке русский эквивалент для следующих английских словосочетаний:

1. share of the output	А) пользоваться преимуществами
2. essential items	b) товары первой необходимости
3. to exercise considerable economic freedom of choice	c) доля в объеме производства
4. to solve economic problems	d) иметь значительную экономичес- кую свободу выбора
5. to enjoy the benefits	e) избегать недостатков
6. to avoid disadvantage	f) предлагать товары и услуги
7. to offer goods and services	g) решать экономические проблемы

V.Заполните пропуски подходящими словами или сочетаниями:

a) mixed economy b) intermediate c) significant faults d) interact e) to avoid

1. Command and market economic both have……

2. … contains element of both market and planet economies.

3. An …system has developed known as mixed economies.

4. The aim of mixed economies is…the disadvantages of both systems

5. In a mixed economy the government and the private sector…in solving economic problems.

Text I marketing

I. Прочтите текст и укажите, на какие вопросы в тексте есть ответы yes (y), а какие нет – no (n):

1. What is the task of the marketing staff?

2. What does marketing involve?

3. What do we need market research for?

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of advertising?

5. How can products be distributed?

6. What does advertising involve?

If production is to meet needs efficiently, two things are necessary.

These are:

• Producers must know what to produce.

• Consumers must know that it is being produced.

Linking these two factors together is the task and responsibility of the marketing staff.

What marketing involves

Marketing involves keeping producers aware of the needs of consumers and ensuring that their products are made available to consumers in the way and form they want.

Marketing includes all the business activities connected with the movement of goods and services from producers to consumers. Sometimes it is called distribution. On the one hand, marketing is made up of such activities as transporting, storing and selling goods and, on the other hand, a series of decisions you make during the process of moving goods from producer to user. Marketing operations include product planning, buying, storage, pricing, promotion, selling, credit, traffic and marketing research.

Producers must know why, where, for what purpose the consumers buy. Market research helps the producer to predict what the people will want. And through advertising he attempts to influence the customer to buy. Marketing operations are very expensive.

The marketing function involves:

1. Market research

This involves finding out:

a) what consumers want and advising producers accordingly

b) recommending the standard of quality, style of packaging, choice of brand-name and general design of the products concerned.

2. Distribution

Products can be distributed to consumers in different ways. Some are best distributed through the manufacturer's own retail outlet, some through a network of wholesalers and retailers, others by direct mail-order.

3. Pricing

Marketing managers should always be in close touch with market conditions so that they can advise on the best price (not necessarily the highest) to charge for products.

4. Advertising

If customers do not know about new products, they will never buy them. They also need to be reminded, from time to time, of the existence of established products.

Marketing managers are expected to know the best ways to advertise products. This involves choice of media (for example: radio, television, press. It also involves knowing the best form advertisements should take, and the advertising slogan to be used.