6 Ways of suffixing in English:

1) Derivation by native suffixes without changes in stress, vowels, consonants     Godlike

2) Derivation by borrowed suffix without changes in stress, vowels, consonants     loveable

3) Derivation by imported suffixes, which involves the change in     Japan   Japanese

4) The suffix is added to a Latin stem which closely related to an English word      science – scientist

5) The suffix is added to a Latin stem, which has no English equivalent      lingua – lingual

6) Words borrowed separately but have the same patterns of word building      candidate – candidacy      president – presidency

 

Key words and expressions from the text:

1. combining root- об'єднання кореневих

2. affixation- аффіксація

3. composition- склад

4. semantic derivation- семантичне утворення

5. isomorphic- ізоморфний

6. enormous- величезний

7. morphologico-syntactic- морфологічно-синтаксичний

8. prefixal word-formation- префіксальних словотвір

9. etymologically- етимологічно

Interpretation of the text

Exercise 1. Match the definitions with the type of suffixes:

1) diminutive suffixes	а) -ist, -ant, -ent, -аг, -er -or
2) abstract notions	b) -et/-ette, -y/-ie, -ey, -el/-le, -icle, -cule
3) Agent suffixes	c) -ing, -ism, -ness, -tion, -dom, -hood
4) international suffixes	d) –er, -ist, -ation, -able

1)- b 2)- c 3)- a 4)- d

Exercise 2. Insert the words missing in the text:

grammatical	common	zero
derirational	perception	abstract
-er	jargonism	negativemeaning
process	reception	inflection

Affixal or 1)_______word-formation in both languages includes: a) suffixal word-formation; b) prefixal word-formation and c)combined (suffixal plus prefixal) word-formation. Nouns formed with the help of the suffix 2)_______

often have other meaning than that of denoting "performer of an action". They may denote : 3)_______, psychological state, physical 4)________, banknotes, time of activity. The suffix -er is alsoused to form 5)_______like crammer, kisser, peeper, etc. The English suffix -ee forms nouns denoting 6)_________of action: contestee, dedicatee and etc. Suffix -ing denoting numerous7) _________ notions: clothing, meeting, wedding. The evaluative suffix -ard has no augmentative but only a 8)____________in English, eg: bastard, drunkard, dullard. Feminine gender

and sex expressing suffixes usually follow the masculine gender/sex expressing suffixes,which are mostly followed by 9) __________. English "gender suffixes", as they are sometimes called by grammarians are in reality only sex expressing, but not 10)___________gender expressing, eg: actor — actress, waiter — wait-ress, widow — widower, hero-heroine, lion-lioness, usher-usheress. One more typologically common group constitute the international suffixes,which are mostly of 11)___________nature (origin) and meaning in English and Ukrainian. Many words in both languages are formed by means of 12)________affixes (without any affixes). This way of word-formation is very productive in English as well as in Ukrainian.

Keys:

1. Derirational 7)abstract

2. –Er 8) negativemeaning

3. Process 9) inflection

4. Perception 10) grammatical

5. Jarginism 11) common

6. Reception 12) zero

Exercise 2. Match the definitions with the type and the example for it:

a.carter, bulldozer, leader, conductor, dictator, rector, alcoholism, feudalism	1. zero affixes
b. evacuee, nominee, trustee, refugee	2. agent suffixes
c. corruption, errection, generation, protection	3. international suffixes
d. go, come, boy, world, all, they, soon, four, five, he, she, wish	4. reception of action
e. teacher, farmer, coster, singer, milker, actor, director, inspector	5. abstract notions
f. kinglet, ringlet, lording, princeling	6. diminutive suffixes

1.- d 2.- e 3.- a 4.- b 5.- c 6.- f

Exercise 3. Answer the questions:

1.Which native prefixes do you know?

2.What includes in English language derivational word-formation?

3.Which types of suffixes do you know?

4.Which borrowed prefixes in English do you know?

5.Which affixes combined a foreign word?

6. What suffixes which denoting numerous abstract notion do you know?

7.How many international suffixes do you know?