6. Retell the text.

“London”.

Read and translate the text.

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world (together with Tokyo and New York) and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million.

London is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old. It has more than a 20century-old history. Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other.

The City is the oldest part of, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are concentrated here, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live in the City but over a million come to work here. Two masterpieces are situated within the City: St. Paul’s Cathedral, the greatest of British churches and the Tower of London. St. Paul’s Cathedral was built in the 17^th century by Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress, a royal palace and a prison. Now it’s a museum.

Westminster is the aristocratic official part of London. It includes BuckinghamPalace where the Queen lives and the House of Parliament, the seat of the British Parliament .The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is a famous for its big hour bell, known as “Big Ben”.

Westminster Abbey is the place where coronation of nearly all kings and queens has taken place. Many of them are buried here as well as some other famous people of the country (G. Chaucer, Tennyson, Newton Ch. Dickens, T. Hardy, R. Kipling, etc.).

The West End is the richest and the most beautiful part of London. It is a symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks and houses are situated there. English aristocracy lives in this region. One of the busiest streets in the West End is Oxford Street. There are many various shops here which attract customers from different countries of the world.

Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in the memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson’s Column stands in the middle of the square.

Opposite the Nelson monument is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. They contain the finest art collections in the world. Not far from the National Gallery is the BritishMuseum famous for its rich library (about 7 000 000 books), a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures.

The East End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories and the Port of London there. The region is densely populated by working class families, those people who have built the palaces of the West End. Old residents of the East End are proud to be called cockneys which mean true Londoners, hereditary inhabitants of the area. They love the district very much.

Learn the active vocabulary.

century век ғасыр

district район облыс,аудан

to divide разделять бөлү

palace дворец сарай

royal королевский корольдық

to concentrate сосредоточить(ся) жию,топтау

fortress крепость бекініс

masterpiece шедевр шедевр(үлгі шығарма)

cathedral собор кафедраль соборы

memory память жат,ес

wealth богатство байлық

luxury роскошь сән,молшылық

priceless бесценный қүнсыз

inhabitant житель тұрушы,тұрғын

hereditary наследственный мұрагерлік,дәстүрлік

Answer the following questions:

1.What river does London stand on?

2.What parts is London divided into?

3. Why is the City called the business centre of London?

4.What places of interest does Westminster include?

5.Who is buried in Westminster Abbey?

6.What is the West End famous for?

7.Why is the central square in art London named Trafalgar Square?

8.Where is the National Gallery situated?

9. What do you know about the BritishMuseum?

10.What is situated in the East End?

Exercise 1.Mind the pronunciation of these diphthongs

largest [α:]

part [α:]

work [o:]

buried [ә:]

customer [ә]

square [ә:]

Exercise 2.Mind the pronunciation of the geographical names and try to remember them.

London Trafalgar Square

Great Britain Admiral Nelson

Tokyo Column

New YorkBritishMuseum

Europe National Gallery

Thames National Portrait Gallery

City William the Conqueror

BuckinghamPalace T. Hardy

West End the House of Parliament

East End. the Bank of England

the Stock Exchange the Old Bailey

St. Paul’s Cathedral Tower of London

Christopher Wren Julius Caesa

The Clock Tower Big Ben

Westminster Abbey G.Chaucer

Tennyson Newton

Ch. Dickens R. Kipling

Exercise 3. Define the meaning of the word-combinations below:

• a 20 century old history

• to be concentrated in the centre

• an aristocratic official part

• as well as some other famous people

• a symbol of wealth and luxury

• attract customers from different countries

• those people who have built the palaces of the West End

• are proud to be called cockneys

Exercise 4. Translate the sentences in your native language, pick up the active vocabulary.

1. London is more than 20 centuries old.

2. The City is the business centre of London.

3. No 10 Downing Street is the official residence of the Prime Minister.

4. Trafalgar Square was named in the memory of the victory at the battle of Trafalgar, 1805.

5. The museum contains a great collection of ancient things.

6. The West End is the richest and the most beautiful part of London.

7. The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks and houses are situated there.

8. 8.. There are many various shops here which attract customers from different countries of the world.

9. Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London.

10. Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London.

Exercise 5. Put the verbs into correct form:

1.If you …… a wallet in the street , what would you do with it? (find)

2. I must hurry. My friend will be annoyed if …… on time. (not\ be)

3.I f the phone ……………., can you answer it? (ring)

4. What shall we do tomorrow ? Well, if it …….a nice day, we can go to the beach. (be)

5.If I ____his number, I would phone him.(know)

6.I ______ that coat if I were you.(not buy)

7.We would need a car if we ________in the country.(live)

8.If we had the choice,we________in the country.(live)

9.This soup isn’t very good.It ________better if it wasn’t so salty. (taste)

10.You’re always tired. If you___________to bed so late every night, you wouldn’t be tired all the time.(not go)

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences:

1. Liz is tired all the time. She shouldn’t go to bed so late. If…………………… .

2.The dog attacked you , but only because you provoked it. If ……………….. .

3.Unfortunately, I didn’t have an umbrella and so I got very wet in the rain. If……………… .

4. It’s rather late. I don’t think Ann will come to see us now. I’d be surprised if Ann……… .

5. Martin failed his driving test last week. He was very nervous and that’s why he failed.

If he ……………………………………. .

Put the verb into the correct form.

6.I feel seek. I wish …………….so much cake . (I\ not\ eat)

7. It’s a difficult question. I wish…………………….the answer .(I\ know)

8.When we were in London last year , we didn’t have time to see all the things we wanted to see.

I wish………………..more time.(we\ have)

9. You are always tired. I wish……………………….to bed so late.(you\not\go)

10. If I were you, I…………………………(not\wait). I ……………..now. (go)

Exercise 7. Write a sentence with if……..for each situation:

1.We don’t visit you very often because you live so far away.______________

2.He doesn’t speak very clearly- that’s why people don’t understand._____________

3.That book is too expensive, so I’m not going to buy it.______________

4We don’t go out very often because we can’t afford it.____________

5.It’s raining, so we can’t have lunch in the garden._________________

6.I have to work tomorrow evening, so I can’t meet it.

7.We can’t meet with our friends because we haven’t a little time.

8.I haven’t enough money, so I can’t buy this blouse.

9.He has to go the supermarket because he hasn’t bread at home.

10.I don’t know the Chinese that’s why I have to go to the courses after work.

Exercise 8. Complete the following conditional sentences:

1.If I had the chance to work abroad, I ………

2.If I had to write my own job description, it ………

3.If she invited to that conference, she………

4.If I had a serious disagreement with my boss, I…….

5.He would be promoted faster if………

6.If I thought of

a good way of saving own money,I……..

7If I were a rich person, I………

8.If he were in complete charge of the company,he…….

9.I wouldn’t ignore the opinions of my colleagues if ……….

10.I would take this yellow hat if……….

Exercise 9. Use your own ideas to complete these sentences:

1.I’d go out this evening if…………

2.If I had gone out last night if……….

3.If you hadn’t remined me,………….

4.We wouldn’t have been late if…………

5.If I would been able to get tickets,……………

6.Who would you phone if …………….

7.Cities would be nicer places if…………

8.If there was no television,……………….

9.Your friend drives very fast. You don’t like this. You say to your friend:

I wish you…………..

10.Jack always leaves the door open. This annoys you. You say to Jack:

I wish you…………..

Exercise 10. Fill in the table with appropriate formulas of the Tense forms:

1)have V-ed, V-3; 2)V-ed, V-2; 3) shall/will be V-ing; 4)V, V-s;5)shall/will have V-ed,V-3;6)am/is/are V-ing;7)had V-ed, V-3;8)shall/will V;9)was/were V-ing.

TENSE	INDEFINITE	CONTINUOUS	PERFECT
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE

Exercise 11. Fill in the table with appropriate numbers of sentences:

1.The teacher is explaining new material now.2.I’ll have finished this work by the time you come tomorrow.3.The students take a test in English at the end of the term every year.4.We had studied hard before we took our exams.5.Tomorrow at ten o’clock in the morning my sister will be taking her exam in History.6.My uncle built a new house in the country last year.7.It was snowing when I went out.8.My brother will graduated from the University in two years.9.I have written several letters to my friends this week.

TENSE	INDEFINITE	CONTINUOUS	PERFECT
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE

Exercise 12. Fill in the table with appropriate adverbs and word combinations:

1.at this moment;2. as a rule;3.by 7o’clock last night;4. next week;5. from … to … o’clock yesterday;6. already 7. at 2 o’clock tomorrow;8. two months ago;9. by 3 o’clock tomorrow.

TENSE	INDEFINITE	CONTINUOUS	PERFECT
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE

Exercise 13. Complete the sentences:

1. The aristocratic part of London is called ...

2. The symbol of wealth and luxury is ...

3. The industrial district of London is called ...

4. The well-known people of England are buried in ...

5. Most Government offices in London are situated in ... street.

6. The official residence of the Prime Minister is in ...

7. One of the busiest shopping centres in London is in ... street.

8. The place where Monarch lives is called ...

9. The place of meetings and demonstrations in London is called ...

10. In the middle of Trafalgar Square there is a ...

Exercise 14.. Express your agreement or disagreement.

1.London is the largest city in the world. It stretches for about 30 miles.

2.London is divided into financial, aristocratic, official and industrial parts.

3.Financial part of London is the Tower of London.

4.Aristocratic and official part of London is BuckinghamPalace.

5.The East End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is a symbol of wealth and luxury.

6.The West End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories and the Port of London there.

7.The City is the Geographical centre of London.

8.The tall Nelson’s Column stands in the middle of the square.

9.Opposite the Nelson monument is St. Paul’s Cathedral.

10.Old residents of the East End are proud to be called cockneys.

Exercise 15. Retell the text.

“The University and Student’s life there.”

Read and translate the text.

1 finished school in June and entered AktobeStateUniversity. The University has three departments: the full-time (day-time) department, the part-time (evening) one, as well as the department of dis­tance education.

The day-time department includes seven faculties: physics and mathematics, juridical faculty, historical and philological faculty, the faculty of foreign languages, nature sciences faculty, technical faculty and economic faculty. The university trains teachers, economists, psychologists, interpreters, engineers and experts in information systems.

There are many chairs in our University. Today over than 3000 tutors, lecturers, assistants, candidates of sciences and professors deliver lectures, conduct seminars and classes, help the students to master their future profession. The students have to do their best to acquire necessary knowledge. They must attend all lectures and practical hours. Besides they must never miss seminars and lab classes. They have to prepare their home assignments regularly. The students have good conditions for their study. The university has four buildings and there are libraries, reading halls, computer classes, and dining-rooms in each building. Besides some students are provided with hostel accommodation

I study at the faculty of Economics. The faculty trains accountants, auditors, managers, economists. The students try to get profound knowledge in economics, ac­counting, analysis of financial activity, management, marketing, the basis of different kinds of business organization. The usual course of training at the University lasts 4 years. The academic year has two terms, the first begins on the first of September and lasts till New Year, the second term begins in February and finishes in June. Twice a year in January and in June the students take oral tests and examinations.

Undergraduates specializing in economics for four years take Ec.B. degree after submitting their diploma works.

After graduating from the university the graduates must know all types of business organization. Proper management, marketing and advertising are of great importance for business specialists.

Thus, future specialists must be energetic, communicative, must know computer and information technologies, as well as foreign languages, at least, Eng­lish.

As for me, I am not sure in what field of economy I am going to work but I know that the specialty of an economist is very important for the development and prosperity of the country.

Active vocabulary:

ЕсВ. -BachelorofEconomics - бакалаврэкономическихнаук

Ес.М. - MasterofEconomics - магистр экономических наук

accountant - бухгалтер

advertisement - реклама experience - опыт

profoundknowledge - прочныезнания

prosperity - процветание

graduatefrom - оканчиватьвысшееучебноезаведение

undergraduate - студентgraduate – выпускник

to master совершенствовать игеру

to deliver lectures проводить лекции дәріс жүргізу to conduct classes and seminars проводить занятия и семинары сабақ және семинар жүргізу

tutor преподаватель муғалім

chair (woman, man) кафедра (заведущий) кафедра (меңгеруші)

dean декан декан

full-time student студент дневного отделения күндіз оқыйтын студент

Answer the questions

1. What university did the author enter ?

2. How many departments are there in the university?

3. How many faculties are there in the university?

4. What specialists does the university train?

5. How many chairs are there at the university?

6. What must students do to acquire necessary knowledge?

7. What conditions have the students for their study?

8. What faculty does the author study at?

9. In what field of economics do the students try to get the pro­found knowledge?

10. How many years does the usual course of training at the university last?

11. What will students become after graduating from the University?

Exercise 1. Learn the words and expressions: Mind the pronunciation.

to enroll to work by fits and starts

applicant to work regularly

to acquire to make progress

rural to get good (bad) marks

to admit to fail at the exams

to refresh to attend lectures

chair research work

to be strong in to fall behind the group

to be weak in to catch up with the group

course of studies runs to take an exam in

lecture on to pass an exam in

seminar on curriculum

Exercise 2. Find pairs of synonyms

to be strong to know well

to work by fits and starts not to pass an exam

to take notes to work from time to time

to attend to write

to fail at the exam to visit

curriculum plan

Exercise 3.Match the words.

To teach	An international computer systemthat allows people all over the world to find and send information using their computers
mathematics	work that you do to keep your house clean and tidy
internet	To get a degree from a university
housework	A language that people speak in another country
graduate	Physical activity like running, swimming etc that you do to make your body healthy
foreign language	The study of how a country or area manages business and money
exercise	To exchange information with other people, for example by speaking
economics	Something that you do
communicate	The study of science of numbers , shapes and measuring things
activity	To give lessons to students at a college or university

Exercise 4. Insert prepositions.

1. The students … our group are very good … English.

2. When Kate fell … the group everybody was ready to help her … the subjects.

3. Peter makes many mistakes … his speech because he works … fits and starts.

4. … the end … the first term we shall have three exams.

5. If I pass my exam … English I shall be very happy. Though I work hard English doesn’t come easy … me.

6. Don’t miss classes or you may fail … English.

Exercise 5. Fill in with can (not), could (not), be able to.

1.I … open the drawer in my desk as it was stuck.

2.We loved the cake. … you give us the receipt for it?

3.Mr. Marshall is busy this week, but he … see you next week.

4.It .. be 12 o`clock already.

5. We told him he … leave whenever he wanted to.

6.I`ll get a car of my own as soon as I drive.

7.It will help you if you … give me friendly advise.

8.He promises he … inform us of the turn of events in future.

9.Angela … speak French when she was four, she … do it now and she … I perfectly in some years.

10.He sell his car unless he reduces the price.

Exercise 6.Complete the sentences. Use have to or has to + one of these verbs.

Do read speak travel buy get up walk wear

1. My eyes are not very good. I … have to wear … glasses.

2. At the end of the course, all the students … … a test.

3. Mary is studying literature. She … … a lot of books.

4. He doesn`t understand much English, so I … … very slowly to him.

5. George is not often at home. He … … a lot in his job.

6. There are no buses in the evening. We … … home.

7. I`m going to bed early tonight. I … … early tomorrow morning.

8. I go to the supermarket after work because I … … some food.

Exercise 7.Write questions. Some are present and some are past.

1. I have to get up early tomorrow.

2. They had to leave early.

3. We had to pay a lot of money.

4. I have to go home now.

5. He had to wait a long time.

6. Joy has to work this evening.

7. She has to work very hard this month.

8. You have to pass a test before you can get a driving license.

1.What time do you have to get up?

2.Why ……………………………?

3.How much … you ……………..?

4.Why ……………………………?

5.How long ………………………?

6.Why ……………………………?

7.When …………………………?

8.What …………………………..?

Exercise 8.Now you have to read a sentence and write a new sentence with the same meaning.

0. Listen carefully, he said to us. He told us to listen carefully.

1.Don`t wait for me if I`m late, Ann said.

Ann said …

2.Eat more fruit and vegetables, the doctor said.

The doctor said …

3.Read the structures before you switch on the machine, he said to me.

He told …

4. Can you speak more slowly? I can`t understand, he said to me.

He asked …

5.Don`t come before 6 o`clock, I said to him.

I told …

6. Don`t use dictionaries during the test, the teacher said.

The teacher told …

7. Don`t watch TV all the time, the doctor said.

The doctor warned …

8. ` Don`t touch my things!` the sister said.

The sister told …

Exercise 9. Reported questions with no question word. Rewrite the sentences as reported questions using the words in brackets.

1`Do people in your town welcome tourists?`( asked)

He asked if people in his town welcomed tourists.

2. “Are all your family interested in music?( wanted to know)

3. Have your family lived in your town for a long time?(asked)

4. Does your older sister still live at home? (wanted to know)

5. have you got any pets? (asked)

6. Are always going to live at home? ( wondered)

7. Are you Hungarian? (asked)

8. Have they eaten? (wanted to know)

9. Do you live in London? ( wanted to know)

Exercise. 10. Reported questions with question word. Complete the reported questions about your country. Can you answer them?

1. Who is the most famous person? He asked me who the most famous person in my country was.

2. When was the last time we had a king or queen? I wanted to know …

3. Where is the oldest building? We don`t know …

4. What do people eat at Cristmas? Could you tell me …

5. How long has the President been in office? We want to know…

6. How much is the average salary? We were interested to know …

7. Where is the most beautiful place? Could you tell me …

8. What is the oldest university? We don`t know …

9. Where is the biggest lake? I wanted to know …

Exercise 11. Choose the right variant.

1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting room.

2. He said he (will come , would come) to the station to see me off.

3. I was sure he (posted , had posted)the letter.

4. I think the weather ( will be , would be) fine next week.

5. I hope the weather ( will not change, would not change) for the worse.

6. I knew that he(is , was) a very clever man.

7. I want to know what he ( has bought, had bough) for her birthday.

8. I asked my sisiter to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum.

9. He said he (is staying, was staying)At the “Ritz” hotel.

10. Victor said he (is, was) very busy.

Exercise 12. Report these statements. Use the beginnings provided.

1.`I`ll give all of you the exam results tomorrow.`

Mr. Black said …

2.`Hey, you two, I`m going to get a promotion`.

Dad told … .

3.1Mum, I was working on my application all evening`.

Laura told… .

4.`We didn`t have our keys with us.`David told.

Peter … .

5.`John`s taken my CD.

Jean told Mary … .

6.`We don`t like our neighbours`.

My friend said … .

7.`We are bringing your meal.` The waiter said … .

8.`We won`t lend you our car.

My parents said …

9.David and Roy are coming,`

Peter said … .

10.`I wasn`t looking after my little brother .

Tina said … .

Exercise 13. Ask your fellow students:

… what new subjects she(he) studies this year;

… how many lectures she (he) has every day;

… if she(he) attend them regularly

… what subjects she(he) is especially good at;

… if she(he) fell behind the group when she(he) was ill;

… if it took her(his) much time to catch up with the group;

…if it is difficult to study English;

… if she(he) always comes in time for classes

… what her(his) favourite subject is;

… what subjects she(he) studied in the first year;

Exercise 14. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1. . The University has two departments.

2. The day-time department includes six faculties

3. Once a year the students take the exams.

4. If one passes them successfully he is granted a stipend.

5. There are many chairs in our University.

6. The students must attend only lectures.

7. . The usual course of training at the University lasts 4 years

8. The students have good conditions for their study

Exercise15. Do you know?

1) When was your University or Academy established?

2) Who was the first Rector?

3) Were there any famous a) scientists, engineers;

b) politicians;

c) artists among the graduates of your University?

4) How many people are currently enrolled?

5) What is the most popular faculty in your Academy?