Unit 4. Present Tense in if/when Clauses

Exercise 1. Translate sentences paying special attention to if clauses.

Example: If you don’t study hard you won’t become a good barrister. – Если ты не будешь усердно учиться, ты не станешь хорошим адвокатом.

1. If you commit a crime, you will be a criminal. 2. If it is necessary you will be given an advocate. 3. If a case is really difficult a barrister will represent it in the court. 4. If we insult elderly people we will break moral foundations. 5. If a plaintiff accepts this proposal the trial will be postponed. 6. If a person buys a gun without a license he will behave illegally. 7. If you smoke marijuana you will become an addict. 8. If you excess the speed limits you will be fined. 9. When the judge acquits an offender he will be released in the courtroom. 10. If a verdict is wise a criminal can change and return to a normal life. 11. If a defendant is guilty he will be punished. 12. When a young offender comes back from a detention center he will be supervised by an officer.

Exercise 2. Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct form.

Example: If he … a successful lawyer his income will be high (to become). – If he becomes a successful lawyer his income will be high.

1. If parents … enough attention to their children they will become disobedient (not to pay). 2. When a solicitor … a letter from a client he will register it (to receive). 3. When a barrister in England … from university he will work as a trainee (to graduate). 4. If you … a barrister you will never see him without a solicitor (to need). 5. If a special committee … me as a magistrate I’ll have to take some preparatory courses (to choose). 6. The president will appoint an attorney when the reins of government … hands (to change). 7. If we … this task we will be punished (not to do). 8. If a person … a legal problem, he will go and see a solicitor (to have). 9. In Hawaii you will be fined if you … a boat (not to own). 10. If you … impolite you will offend people (to be). 11. If a policeman … you, be polite and do what he says (to stop). 12. If you … into a trouble, call the police (to get).

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs.

appear study face lose be behave

get choose reform be make fool of

sentence shorten commit vote need

Example: Car drivers won’t ... any opportunity to exceed the speed on the road, when it is not allowed, if they are sure, that there is no policeman near by. – Car drivers won’t lose any opportunity to exceed the speed on the road, when it is not allowed, if they are sure, that there is no policeman near by.

1. If the state … your house and wants you to leave it, you ought to do so, but the state must present you a new house, equal in cost to that of yours. 2. And if you want to be a literate person, if you want to know your rights and duties, you will … the Law. 4. Nobody will … you, if you are careful with strangers. 5. If a prisoner reforms (according to the assessment of prison board), then community … him to supervision. 6. But if a killer … the cruelty of his behaviour, he will face life imprisonment. 7. Only if the committee … to approve the bill it will be scheduled for consideration by the chamber’s full membership. 8. If you … a trial by the jury it will take a lot of time. 9. The attorney will lose his post if this information … in newspapers. 10. When he … a degree in law he will work as a detective. 11. If he behaves they … his term. 12. If a teenager … a crime he will be sent to a special detention centre.

Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes where necessary.

Example: If, at any time, an unpleasant situation arise in a dark and secluded area, make it clear you are a foreigner, simply by speaking English. – If, at any time, an unpleasant situation arises in a dark and secluded area, make it clear you are a foreigner, simply by speaking English.

1. If children have alcoholic or drug-abusing parents and they see a lot of violence around – there is a very big opportunity that they become criminals. 2. If all members of our society does so, this world will become better. 3. He will enter any appeal if in his opinion the sentence or judgment are erroneous. 4. The judge alone has the right to hear and decide the majority of civil cases and only such criminal cases punishment for which doesn’t exceed 2 years of imprisonment and if the defendant will do not object to such a trial. 5. They are appointed for life, but if a judge misuse his authority and will do not perform his duties properly, or if his conduct is unworthy of a judge, he will be discharged. 6. With 98 per cent of cases the magistrates on the bench decide on guilt or innocence, and if it will be necessary, what penalty to impose. 7. With more serious cases the magistrates can decide only to send them for trial in a Crown Court, where the decision on guilt or innocence will be made by a jury of twelve citizens chosen by chance, and if it is necessary, the penalty are decided by the presiding judge, helped by two Justices of the Peace (JPs). 8. A person accused before a Magistrates’ Court may demand to be sent for trial before a Crown Court, even if the case will be not serious. 9. The judge’s functions are, first, to see that the trial is properly conducted; second, to give guidance to the jury before asking it for its verdict and finally, if the jury will finds the accused guilty, to decide upon the penalty and pronounce a sentence. 10. If the jury finds the accused guilty, then the judge pronounces a sentence. 11. On the one hand it seems logical if the punishment is fit the crime. 12. If you will know your rights well, you can demand that others should respect and observe them.

Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1. Если адвокат согласится защищать Тома, у него будет шанс избежать наказания. 2. Когда он выйдет из тюрьмы, его сыну будет уже 20 лет. 3. Если ты получишь образование в Кембридже, тебя возьмут в любую юридическую фирму. 4. Если этот закон изменится, многие люди будут разочарованы. 5. Если банк обанкротится, многие потеряют свои дома. 6. Если Лизу уволят, она не сможет оплачивать свой кредит. 7. Если государство будет заботиться о своих гражданах, они, в свою очередь, будут защищать и ценить его. 8. Когда она станет судьей, многое в ее жизни изменится. 9. Если случится непредвиденное обстоятельство, нажмите на эту красную кнопку. 10. Если кто-то попытается ограбить банк, сигнализация немедленно включится. 11. Если люди будут соблюдать моральные нормы, жизнь станет намного безопаснее. 12. Он ненадежный человек. Если ты положишься на него, он тебя обязательно подведет.