2. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the Subjective Infinitive Construction:

1. Industrial robots are known to be of four categories.

2. Robots are required to pick up parts from one conveyer and to place them on another.

3. The robot is expected to have been equipped with a special gripper for grasping the parts.

4. Spot welding is considered to be the most common application of industrial robots.

5. The use of robots in assembly is supposed to increase because of the high cost of manual labour.

6. The robot happens to have been reprogrammed for another manufacturing operation.

7. The design of the product is certain to be an important aspect of robotic assembly.

8. In future robots are likely to substitute for human labour in all hazardous and uncomfortable industrial operations.

Oral Practice Tasks

1. Divide the text into logical parts and entitle each part.

2. Answer the questions:

1. What manufacturing operations are robots used in?

2. What operations do material-handling applications include?

3. What do material-transfer applications require?

4. Give some examples of simple and complex transfer operations.

5. What is the function of a robot in machine loading and unloading operations?

6. What device is the robot performing this function equipped with?

7. What is the function of a robot in processing operations?

8. Give some examples of such applications.

9. What are the applications of robots in assembly work?

10. What is the function of a robot in an inspection job?

11. What are the characteristics of industrial jobs where robots provide a substitute for human labour?

III. Do the tasks below:

1. Look through the scheme and fill in the blanks.

2. Using the scheme put some questions concerning robots in manufacturing.

3. Comment on the scheme.

IV. Supplement every statement with some phrases and make a short report on each point:

1. The application of robots is divided into 4 categories.

2. Material handling means material transfer and loading and unloading operations.

3. In processing operations the robot manipulates a tool to perform a process on the work part.

4. One more application of industrial robots is assembly.

5. Inspection is another area of factory utilization of robots.

6. Industrial robots provide a substitute for human labour.

V. Make a short report on the applications of industrial robots in manufacturing.

Text 13В

Translate the text in written form using a dictionary:

MEASURING ROBOTS IN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

The increasing presence of electronics in the unit controls has made it possible to achieve an important union between high-level automation and flexibility. More and more frequently, the entire production system is integrated at different levels by a network of computers which have the task of handling, often quite independently, the entire manufacturing process.

This means that process control is required which cannot be achieved with conventional measuring machines, but which calls for more suitable means: specially-designed measuring robots. A measuring robot is fast and designed to operate in the most difficult workshop conditions alongside the manufacturing machines, ensuring both high precision and high reliability.

When referring to “systems”, the application can range from a measuring robot loaded by a simple handling unit to an automatic measuring cell integrated in a transfer line, or measuring cells integrated into various flexible manufacturing systems (FMS).

Obviously, as an FMS is composed of a series of machining centres, the type of the pallet must be immediately identified and universal. In fact, the handling of the pallets (transfer systems, load/unload systems) is fundamental right from the start of the project. For this reason the measuring robot must be extremely flexible, i.e., easy to interface mechanically with the load/unload systems already defined, and able to receive the pallets from the FMS without any compatibility problems.

TEXT 13С

Look through the text and do the tasks below: