Answer to task two:
Quakers or the Religious Society of Friends is a Christian denomination. It is a religious community based on the principles of pacifism and religious tolerance. Although, Quakers have been known for their refusal to participate in war, participation in anti-slavery and social justice movements, we can’t attribute Quakers to a particular party or political movement.
Quakers are also known historically for founding and running large corporations e.g. Barclays and Lloyds. Nevertheless, Quakers can’t be considered as political movement.
http://www.legis.state.pa.us/wu01/vc/visitor_info/pa_history/whole_pa_history.htm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/subdivisions/quakers_1.shtml
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Section Three
Task one. In about 100–200 words explain how the terrorist attacks of 9/11 changed the lives of everyday New Yorkers and Americans. Avoid the patriotic rhetoric and stick to actual changes in the lifestyle.
Task two. Find out who was the mayor of New York when the 9/11 attacks took place. In about 100–200 words explain what had to be done in months after the attack to restore the life of the city.
Answer to task one:
The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated suicide attacks upon the United States in New York City and the Washington, D.C., area on September 11, 2001. The destruction caused serious damage to the economy of Lower Manhattan and had a significant impact on global markets. Numerous buildings were destroyed, nearly six thousand people were killed and injured and there is no doubt that terrorist attacks changed lives of everyday New Yorkers and Americans.
The changes in America since the attacks of 9/11have included some unfortunate developments. I briefly discuss some of them.
There is today less tolerance among Americans for dissenting views concerning their foreign policy. After the attack on Iraq began, intolerance increased.
The government of America has moved toward creation of a "total surveillance society".
The terrorist alerts and the preparation for an attack on Iraq and then the war itself have distracted America from many other problems. These neglected problems include the continuing battles for clean air to breathe and water to drink, safe food to eat, unpolluted land, preventing global warming and other threats to the life- sustaining capacities of the Earth.
Americans have been made aware of incompetence and routine mistakes of our critical infrastructure.
In the international community, the United States is starting to behave in ways that Americans abhor in others, like a rogue state.
Since 9/11, American leaders and media have bombarded Americans with the rhetoric of evil. Viewing the world as a struggle between good and evil is not helpful.
The rise to power of the New American Century group is now clearly evident. To put it bluntly, now that the Cold War is over, its members want the United States, among other things, to substitute the mission of world domination for the containment of Communism.
Israeli military aggressions against Palestinians became more blatant and because of 9/11 and the subsequent war on terrorism, many Americans, including the American government, failed to condemn them.
The role of American fundamentalist Christians in welcoming violence in the Middle East (especially between Israel and Palestine) has become a thorn in the side of peace negotiations. These American evangelicals believe that some biblical end-of-time violent upheaval and Judgment Day is coming-and many wish to hasten it into reality.
The greed and cronyism in the American corporate world have become increasingly apparent, as large contracts are being written for transforming public monies into private wealth during the coming reconstruction of Iraq.
Americans have become increasingly aware of the costs of unilateral action.
Hate crimes in the United States against immigrants, especially against people who are or who appear to be from the Middle East have increased.
http://www.jfs.tku.edu.tw/8-1/E01.pdf
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