- •Синельник ю.Е. Лингвострановедение и страноведение
- •Содержание
- •«Лингвострановедение и страноведение»
- •Планы ответов на экзаменационные вопросы по дисциплине «лингвострановедение и страноведение» Question 1: Early History (Celts – Danes)
- •Question 2: Early History (Danes – Normans)
- •Question 3: The Hundred Years’ War
- •Question 4: The War of Roses
- •Question 5: Reign of Henry VIII
- •Question 6: Civil War. Republic. Protectorate
- •Question 7: Victorian Era
- •Question 8: Franco-British Relations
- •Question 9: Geography of the uk
- •Islands
- •Question 10: Monarchy: History. Functions
- •Question 11: British Government
- •Question 12: British Parliament: History. Functions
- •Question 13: Parliament of the United Kingdom. Elections
- •Question 14: Political Parties of the uk
- •Question 15: Capital of the uk
- •Question 16: Political relations between the uk and the usa
- •Question 17: Economy of the uk
- •Question 18: Education in the uk
- •Question 19: British Culture (Anglo-Saxon – Enlightenment)
- •Question 20: British Culture (Romanticism – Post-Modernism)
- •Question 21: British School of Painting
- •Question 23: Architecture and Places of Interest in London
- •Question 24: The British as They are Seen by Other Nations
- •Question 25: Influence of History on the Development of English
- •Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Anglo–Frisian
- •53 Countries United Nations European Union Commonwealth of Nations nato nafta ukusa
- •Question 26: Early History of the usa
- •Question 27: The War of Independence
- •Question 28: Formation of the New Country (usa)
- •Question 29: The War between the North and the South
- •Question 30: The usa in XIX - XX
- •Question 31: The usa in the wwi & wwii
- •Question 32: The Vietnam War
- •Question 34: Modern History: 9/11. Iraq War
- •Iraq War
- •Question 35: Population: General overview. Immigrants
- •Immigration
- •Question 36: Population: Native Population
- •Question 37: Geography of the usa
- •Question 38: Government: Congress
- •Question 39: President of the usa
- •Question 40: Political Parties and Elections in the usa
- •Question 41: Capital of the usa
- •Question 42: Local Government (uk & usa)
- •Independent locally elected Councils
- •36 District Councils
- •Question 43: Russian-American Relations
- •Question 44: Modern Foreign Policy of the usa
- •Question 45: Economy of the usa
- •Industry
- •Question 46: Education of the usa
- •Question 47: us Culture and Literature
- •Question 48: The Americans as They are Seen by Other Countries
- •Question 49: us Mass Media and Film Industry
- •Question 50: us Places of Interest
- •Question 51: us and uk National Holidays
- •Question 52: us Family. Stereotypes
- •Glossary
- •Литература, рекомендуемая для подготовки к экзамену
Question 14: Political Parties of the uk
Plan:
Historically there were 2 parties – Tories - Whigs.
They appeared in the XVII century.
The Tories |
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The Whigs |
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Conservative |
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Liberal |
Labour |
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1906 |
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Until the end of 19th century they were the only elected to Parliament |
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Democratic-socialists Trade Union
1945 – First election
Motto: British people are community |
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The Conservative (Tory) Party
monopolists and landowners
Controls business, industry, commerce.
Believes in private enterprise.
The word “tory” means an Irish highwayman
Principles
Individuals have an absolute right to liberty.
Foundation of freedom is ownership, independence, opportunity.
Every citizen has responsibilities to the
neighbors, nation.
Government should establish a climate in which enterprise can flourish.
The Liberal (Whig) Party
Trading and manufacturing classes.
Motto: Civil and religious liberty.
For many times won a majority at Parliament.
Tories called Whigs preachers, who could go on for 5 hours preaching moralizing sermons.
Question 15: Capital of the uk
Plan:
London contains four World Heritage Sites:
the Tower of London;
the historic settlement of Greenwich;
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew;
and the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and St. Margaret's Church.
The etymology of London remains a mystery.
Proper name Lud (furious)
Latin - “Lond” - a wild forest
Celtic – Llyn (lake) and Dun (fortress)
Old european “Plowonida” ( an overflown river)
NB: The Big Smog (the great smog)
In July 2007, it had an official population of 7,556,900 within the boundaries of Greater London (1600 km2 )
Roman Londinium
Anglo-Saxon settlement called Lundenwic
Westminster
Tower of London
Plague & The Great Fire of London
Local government
National government
Geography
The London Underground
The Docklands Light
Buses
The City
Small area east of the center, the site of the original Roman town – the oldest place.
The administration is run Lord Mayor, elected annually
It is one of the biggest banking centers – Threadneedle street.
The central criminal court The Old Bailey.
The West End
Between the streets the Mall and Oxford street.
Regent Street, Bond Street
Entertainment centers – Soho, Picadilly Circus.
The East End
industry developed east from the City.
A person who is born in the E.E. is called a cockney.
The cockney dialect
A change of vowels - E.g. Late = Light [lait]
Dropping Hs - E.g. He [i:]