- •Синельник ю.Е. Лингвострановедение и страноведение
- •Содержание
- •«Лингвострановедение и страноведение»
- •Планы ответов на экзаменационные вопросы по дисциплине «лингвострановедение и страноведение» Question 1: Early History (Celts – Danes)
- •Question 2: Early History (Danes – Normans)
- •Question 3: The Hundred Years’ War
- •Question 4: The War of Roses
- •Question 5: Reign of Henry VIII
- •Question 6: Civil War. Republic. Protectorate
- •Question 7: Victorian Era
- •Question 8: Franco-British Relations
- •Question 9: Geography of the uk
- •Islands
- •Question 10: Monarchy: History. Functions
- •Question 11: British Government
- •Question 12: British Parliament: History. Functions
- •Question 13: Parliament of the United Kingdom. Elections
- •Question 14: Political Parties of the uk
- •Question 15: Capital of the uk
- •Question 16: Political relations between the uk and the usa
- •Question 17: Economy of the uk
- •Question 18: Education in the uk
- •Question 19: British Culture (Anglo-Saxon – Enlightenment)
- •Question 20: British Culture (Romanticism – Post-Modernism)
- •Question 21: British School of Painting
- •Question 23: Architecture and Places of Interest in London
- •Question 24: The British as They are Seen by Other Nations
- •Question 25: Influence of History on the Development of English
- •Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Anglo–Frisian
- •53 Countries United Nations European Union Commonwealth of Nations nato nafta ukusa
- •Question 26: Early History of the usa
- •Question 27: The War of Independence
- •Question 28: Formation of the New Country (usa)
- •Question 29: The War between the North and the South
- •Question 30: The usa in XIX - XX
- •Question 31: The usa in the wwi & wwii
- •Question 32: The Vietnam War
- •Question 34: Modern History: 9/11. Iraq War
- •Iraq War
- •Question 35: Population: General overview. Immigrants
- •Immigration
- •Question 36: Population: Native Population
- •Question 37: Geography of the usa
- •Question 38: Government: Congress
- •Question 39: President of the usa
- •Question 40: Political Parties and Elections in the usa
- •Question 41: Capital of the usa
- •Question 42: Local Government (uk & usa)
- •Independent locally elected Councils
- •36 District Councils
- •Question 43: Russian-American Relations
- •Question 44: Modern Foreign Policy of the usa
- •Question 45: Economy of the usa
- •Industry
- •Question 46: Education of the usa
- •Question 47: us Culture and Literature
- •Question 48: The Americans as They are Seen by Other Countries
- •Question 49: us Mass Media and Film Industry
- •Question 50: us Places of Interest
- •Question 51: us and uk National Holidays
- •Question 52: us Family. Stereotypes
- •Glossary
- •Литература, рекомендуемая для подготовки к экзамену
Question 27: The War of Independence
Plan:
1776-1783
Lack of consistent policy from England & self-government of the colonies.
Inland expansion & hindered progress.
British and French conflict
Congress at Albany. Benjamin Franklin’s plan of union
England was to deal with:
To organize the vast possessions to facilitate (способствовать) defense.
Reconcile (примирить) the divergent interests of different areas and peoples.
Distribute more evenly the cost of imperial administration.
The steps done by GB:
Prohibited the westward expansion. But the farmers needed this land.
The Sugar Act of 1764.
The Currency Act
The Stamp Act
Townshend Acts
The Tea Act
Sons of Liberty (Samuel Adams).
Boston Tea Party
The 2nd Continental Congress appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief.
On 4th July 1776 the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence drafted by Tomas Jefferson
Military campaign
Versailles Treaty
Question 28: Formation of the New Country (usa)
Plan:
On the 25th of November, 1783 the last British ships were leaving the harbor of New York.
The 13 colonies made up a new country and nation. Now they needed their own government.
Confederation
Tomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence
The 13 states joined into a confederation.
Reforms: Congress consists of the representatives of the states they choose the leader they form the government.
The Congress
The House of Representatives The Senate
Each state has 2 representatives in Senate
Membership in the House of Representatives depends on the size of population.
Government is divided into 3 branches, where each branch has its own power and limits power of the other two, so no single branch could get the absolute power.
Constitution
the Bill of Rights
President
The first political parties
Hamilton’s followers Federalists
Jefferson’s ones Democratic-Republicans
The War of 1812
In 19th century different regions of the country were developing in different ways. Each had it’s own style of life.
In the North – ppl moved to large cities and industries
In the South – vast cotton plantations, using slave labour
In the West – farming & settling he frontier.
Question 29: The War between the North and the South
Plan:
1.The Slavery system
Slaves had no rights under the law.
They could not meet together in public,
Travel without permission.
Could not be taught read and write.
Corporal punishment was applied in case of disobedience.
In 1808 Congress outlawed the slave trade with Africa. But the system of slavery continued for 60 years after it. Harriet Beecher Stowe “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
The election of 1860 showed clearly that the US was a divided country. Abraham Lincoln won the elections. The result of it was the division of the country into 2 parts.
Confederate States of America (Jefferson Davis)
Both sides had advantages to help them win the war.
North
Had more soldiers - More supplies - Better transportation
South
Better generals - Was fighting on home ground.
Commanders - Robert E. Lee vs Ulysses S. Grant, William Sherman
The battle at Gettysburg
On the 14th of April 1865 President Lincoln was attacked by a southerner.
Reconstruction
The Ku Klux Klan