- •Оглавление
- •Введение
- •Unit 1 service industry
- •Assignments
- •St. Petersburg State University of Service and Economics
- •Words and expressions
- •Service industry
- •Words and expressions
- •Which are personal qualities required for working in the service industry?
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Things to do
- •The Sights
- •Cathedrals, Churches and Monasteries
- •Bridges
- •Theatres
- •Festivals
- •The suburbs
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Indefinite pronouns some / any and their derivatives
- •Things to do
- •Unit 3 higher education in the uk
- •Assignments
- •Types of English universities
- •Entrance to British universities
- •The university system in Britain
- •Variety of other British higher institutions
- •Words and expressions
- •1. At an International Conference.
- •2. A Television Interview.
- •Grammar exercises
- •Things to do
- •Unit 4 higher education in the usa
- •Assignments
- •Categories of institution in the usa
- •Involvement in learning
- •Changes in American higher education
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Things to do
- •Unit 5 political system in the uk
- •Words and expressions
- •Political system of the usa
- •The us Constitution
- •The Legislative Branch
- •The Executive Branch
- •The Judicial Branch
- •Major Political Parties
- •Elections
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Things to do
- •Words and expressions
- •Assignments
- •Travelling by air
- •Words and expressions
- •Travelling by train
- •Britain Rail’s Services
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Things to do
- •Unit 7 at the customs
- •Assignments
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Unit 8 meals
- •Meals and Mealtimes in Britain
- •Sunday Roast
- •Eating out in London
- •Restaurants
- •International and fusion cuisine
- •Fast food
- •Ordering food
- •Grammar exercises
- •2. Be a host and a guest in turns.
- •3. Project Work:
- •Unit 9 accommodation
- •How to book
- •Classification
- •Yha Hostels
- •Independent Hostels
- •University Accommodation
- •Bed and Breakfast
- •Guesthouses
- •Rental Accommodation
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Unit 10 london
- •Assignments
- •Buckingham Palace
- •Houses of Parliament
- •Westminster Abbey
- •St. Paul’s Cathedral
- •Trafalgar Square
- •Nelson`s Column
- •The Tower of London
- •Piccadilly Circus
- •Shakespeare`s Globe Theatre
- •Covent Garden
- •Downing Street
- •The Charles Dickens Museum
- •Neasden Temple
- •Royal parks
- •British Library
- •Changing the Guard
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Indirect Speech
- •Order tell ask beg suggest
- •Things to do
- •Unit 11 shopping
- •Shopping in London
- •Words and expressions
- •Assignments
- •Marks & Spencer Britain's Favourite Store
- •How did it all begin?
- •What are the best-sellers?
- •Why is m&s so successful?
- •I’m not a shopaholic!
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •The media
- •National and local newspapers in the usa
- •Radio and television in the usa
- •The press in the uk
- •Television and Radio in the uk
- •Words and expressions
- •Assignments
- •Machine Dreams
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Infinitive
- •Things to do
- •Grammar reference present forms Present Simple
- •State verbs
- •Present Perfect
- •Past forms The past forms of be
- •Past Simple
- •Future forms
- •The Present Continuous
- •The Present Simple
- •The Future Perfect
- •Articles
- •Adjectives
- •Pronouns
- •A little/Little
- •Modal verbs
- •Passive voice
- •Personal / Impersonal passive constructions
- •Reported speech
- •1 Change of tenses
- •2 Verbs and conjunctions used for reporting
- •3 Word order in reported questions
- •Conditionals
- •Infinitive – gerund – participles The Infinitive
- •The Participles
- •Suffixes Common suffixes for nouns
- •Prepositions of Time: at, in, on
- •Bibliography
- •Заключение
- •191015, Г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кавалергардская, д. 7
Articles
1 We use a or an the first time we mention something. When we mention it
again, we use the.
I saw a beautiful vase in an antique shop a few days ago. When I went back to the shop yesterday, the vase wasn’t there any more!
2 We do not use the:
a when we talk about people or things in general.
Dogs make very good pets.
b with the names of people and countries.
American people eat a lot of fast food.
c with many place names.
continents: |
Europe, Asia |
countries: |
Argentina |
cities: |
Moscow, Madrid |
lakes: |
Lake Ontario |
mountains: |
Mount Everest |
hills: |
Primrose Hill |
roads / streets: |
Oxford Street |
islands: |
EasterIsland |
We use the:
a with some place names
oceans and seas: |
the pacific Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea |
rivers: |
the River Danube, the River Thames |
mountain ranges: |
the Alps, the Himalayas |
countries which are republics or unions: |
the United kingdom, the United Arab Emirates |
b with superlative forms.
the longest river in the world
c when there is only one of something
the sun the Earth the Moon the sky the pope
4 Other phrases with the
at the bottom, at the top
in the east, in the west, in the centre, in the middle
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
on the left, on the right
BUT: at home, at school, at university, at work, at night, n bed, in hospital, in prison, on holiday
Adjectives
Comparative and Superlative forms
1 One-syllable and two-syllable adjectives ending in –y
Adjective |
Comparative |
Superlative |
Spelling |
young |
younger |
the youngest |
most adjectives + |
tall |
taller |
the tallest |
-er, the -est |
nice |
nicer |
the nicest |
adjectives ending |
large |
larger |
the largest |
in -e: + -r, the -st |
thin |
thinner |
the thinnest |
one vowel + one |
big |
bigger |
the biggest |
consonant: double the consonant |
pretty |
prettier |
the prettiest |
change -y to -i |
2 Other two-syllable adjectives and longer adjectives
serious |
more serious |
the most serious |
sophisticated |
more sophisticated |
the most sophisticated |
But we usually use -er and the -est with the following two-syllable adjectives: clever, quiet, simple, gentle.
3 Irregular forms
Adjective |
Comparative |
Superlative |
good little many/much bad far |
better less more worse farther /further |
the best the least the most the worst the farthest / furthest |
4 Prepositions in comparative phrases
I think she’s more attractive than her sister.
Your eyes are very similar to your mother’s.
Are these glasses very different from your old ones?
She looks like a businesswoman.
Her earrings are the same as mine.