- •Unit VI
- •1. Read, pronounce the following words and word combinations correctly:
- •Grammar Будущее неопределенное время {The Future Indefinite Tense)
- •I (we) shall ('11) come tomorrow. You (he, she, it, you, they) will ('11) come tomorrow.
- •Grammar exercises
- •Replace the infinitives given in brackets by the Future Indefinite or the Present Indefinite:
- •Choose the write variant.
- •Put the verbs into correct tense.
- •Translate into English.
- •Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты (The Modal Verbs and their equivalents)
- •Grammar exercises
- •7. Read and translate into Russian.
- •9. Ask questions and give short answers.
- •Translate into English.
- •Read, translate and pay attention to the usage of modal verb can and its equivalent.
- •Fill in: can / to be able to
- •Read and translate, pay attention to the usage of modal verb may and its equivalent.
- •A) Read and translate.
- •. Ask questions.
- •. Put to have to in the correct form.
- •Put in must/have to
- •Put in mustn 't/needn 4
- •15. Chose the correct variant. Translate into Russian.
- •Translate into English.
- •Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Translate the following derivative word's:
- •Define to what parts of speech the following words belong:
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:
- •Choose among the words the one that corresponds to the text above to complete the sentences:
- •Unit VII
- •1. Read, pronounce the following words and word combinations correctly:
- •Grammar Прошедшее длительное время (The Past Continuous Tense)
- •I (he, she, it) was working. We (you, they) were working.
- •Grammar exercises
- •Open the brackets, put the verbs into the correct form, the Past Continuous.
- •Replace the infinitives given in brackets by the Past Simple or the Past Continuous:
- •Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
- •Find the sentence in the form, the Past Continuous.
- •Translate into English.
- •Revision exercises
- •Open the brackets, put the verbs into the correct form.
- •Ask questions to the words in bold.
- •Ask general, alternative and disjunctive questions.
- •10. Translate into English.
- •Word building
- •Active Vocabulary
- •The United States of America
- •18. Complete the following sentences according to the text.
- •19. Answer the following questions.
- •X. Give a short summery of the text "The United States of America."
Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты (The Modal Verbs and their equivalents)
Особенности модальных глаголов:
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He выражают действия. Показывают отношение говорящего к действию или состоянию (его необходимость, вероятность, возможность его совершения и др.);
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Не имеют неличных форм (инфинитива, причастия), повелительного наклонения, форм будущего времени, а некоторые - и форм прошедшего времени;
3. Вопросительные и отрицательные формы этих глаголов образуются без вспомогательного глагола do, они сами занимают его место: May I go? Можно войти? Не cannot work. Он не может работать.
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Не изменяются по лицам и числам (в настоящем времени в 3 л.ед.ч. не имеют окончания -s): Не can read. Он может читать. She may go. Она может идти.
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После модальных глаголов всегда употребляется смысловой глагол в форме инфинитива без частицы to, за исключением модального глагола ought, после которого стоит to +V.
Настоящее время |
Прошедшее время |
Эквиваленты |
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сап |
could |
be able (to + V) |
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may |
might |
be allowed (to + V) |
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must |
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have (to + V) be (to + V) |
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Название модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов |
Выражение употребления |
Примеры |
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сап |
способность разрешение или просьба запрет сомнение, удивление |
Can you skate? Can I use your car? You can use my car. You can't sing here. Can it be true? He can't have done it. |
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could |
способность (в прошлом) разрешение или просьба (более вежливое обращение) сомнение (большая степень) |
I could not speak English when I was 5. Could you give me your dictionary? He could not be telling the truth. |
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to be able to + V (в настоящем, прошедшем, будущем времени) |
быть в состоянии, иметь физическую, умственную способность |
He is able to correct the program. He was able to correct the program. He will be able to correct the program. |
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may |
разрешение, запрет (более официальная форма) предположение, неуверенность |
May I borrow your pen? You may not come here. They may be arriving. |
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might |
разрешение, запрет (в прошлом) и для более вежливого обращения, упрек |
Might I take your notebook? You might have helped me. |
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to allow, to be allowed (в настоящем,прошедшем, будущем времени) |
разрешение, запрет |
He is allowed to go there. He was allowed to go there. He will be allowed to go there. |
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must |
долженствование, необходимость запрещение вероятность упрек |
I must go to the conference. He must not leave his room for a while. You must have read the book. They must have done this task at home. |
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to have to (в настоящем, прошедшем, будущем времени) |
необходимость в силу (ввиду) обстоятельств |
You don't have to go there. He had to ask for help. I shall have to do it. |
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to be to (в настоящем, прошедшем, времени) |
долженствование, необходимость как результат договоренности возможность |
We are to examine these facts. They were to come at 5 о 'clock. The information is to be found in literature. |
shall
необходимость совершения действия
Не shall not interfere with your business.
should / ought to
моральное обязательство (в большей степени глагол ought to)
порицание прошлого действия, совет предположение
You should (ought to) be always polite.
You should (ought to) have helped me.
You should (ought to) see a doctor. There should (ought to) be no difficulties
need (в времени) настоящем
необходимость, отсутствие необходимости совершения действия (в отрицательных предложениях)
We need to drink some water.
Do you need any help?
You needn't worry about the boy, he
will be all right.
You needn't have come so early.