- •Etymology
- •Symbols The American Flag
- •History of American Flag
- •Betsy Ross
- •The coat of arms of the United States
- •The Great Seal of the United States
- •Anthem of the United States.
- •Anthem History
- •Vocabulary notes
- •History discovery
- •English settlements
- •Colonial era
- •Revolution
- •Devising a constitution
- •New nation
- •Sectional conflict
- •Civil war
- •World War I, Great Depression, and World War II
- •Postwar superpower
- •The highlights (important dates) of American history
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Government
- •Introduction
- •The Constitution
- •The Executive Branch
- •The Legislative Branch
- •The Judicial Branch
- •State Government
- •Local Government
- •Political Parties
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Languages
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Religion
- •Introduction
- •Roots of Religions
- •Present Day Religious Affiliation
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Geography
- •Climate
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vegetation
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The Nation's Capital Washington, d.C. Facts from history
- •The capital today
- •Washington, d.C. Symbols and Emblems
- •Landmarks
- •Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Institutions
- •The capitol
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Famous cities
- •25 Biggest cities population
- •Anaheim, California
- •Lake Michigan
- •Entertainment and performing arts
- •Detroit, Michigan
- •Houston, Texas
- •Tourist attractions
- •Tourist attractions
- •New York City
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Culture
- •Popular media
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Usa Education
- •Universities in the United States
- •Top 20 Ranked universities.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Famous American People Presidents
- •Literature
- •Arts and Entertainment
- •The Disney entertainment empire
- •Science and Inventions
- •Isaac singer's sewing machine
- •Henry Ford
- •Ford Motor Company
- •Ford Airplane Company
- •Other famous people
- •Vocabulary notes
- •American Traditions and Holidays
- •Washington's Birthday (Presidents' Day)
- •Independence Day (July 4)
- •New Years Eve and New Years Day
- •Valentine's Day
- •St. Patrick's day
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Cuisine
- •Problems with defining American cuisine
- •Particular American foods
- •The most popular American foods:
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Common Abbreviations
- •The united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland National symbols
- •Vocabulary notes
- •History
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Political system
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Languages
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Religion
- •Vocabulary notes
- •G eography and climate
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Plant and Animal Life
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Largest cities
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Culture
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Educational System
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Universities
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Famous people
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Traditions, customs, holidays
- •Vocabulary notes
- •British cuisine
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Canada National symbols
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Political system
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Languages
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Geography and climate
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Plant and animal life
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Educational system and universities
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Famous People
- •Canadian cuisine
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Speech habits Бытовая сфера
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Профессионально-деловая сфера
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Учебно-социальная сфера
- •Instructor’s Notes
- •Interview with an Expert
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Социально-деловая сфера
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Особенности употребления формул вежливости
- •1. Приветствие / Прощание
- •2. Please, thank you, of course
- •3. Sorry, excuse me
- •4. Приказ, вежливая просьба, предложение
- •Business correspondence Деловое письмо
- •Служебная записка Memo
- •Электронное сообщение
- •Конверт Envelope
- •Письмо – запрос Letter of enquiry/request
- •Образец апим
- •Contents
2. Please, thank you, of course
structure |
form of address |
answer |
function |
Please / Thank you / Here you are |
Would you like some more tea? |
Thank you. / (Yes,) please. |
Accepting |
Have you got enough sugar? |
Yes, thank you. |
Confirming |
|
Have you got a cup I could use? |
Yes, here you are. |
Handing over things |
|
Thank you. |
(no answer) |
Reply to thanks |
|
Of course |
Have you ever tasted cold tea? |
Why, yes, of course / sure |
Reply to something obvious |
Когда вам говорят спасибо, можно ответить при помощи фраз Not at all; You’re welcome; That’s alright, которые соответствуют рус. пожалуйста (так как please в таких случаях не употребляется).
3. Sorry, excuse me
structure |
form of address |
answer |
function |
Sorry / Excuse me |
Do you mind! That’s my plate! |
I am sorry. I didn’t realize… |
Apologizing |
Excuse me, could I have some jam? |
Here you are. Help yourself. |
Attracting attention |
|
Sorry, did I take your spoon? |
Oh, never mind, it’s alright. |
Apologizing |
|
Sorry / Please |
Can I borrow your dictionary? |
No, please don’t. / I’m sorry, but… |
Refusing |
May I use your telephone? |
Oh, well, alright. / Please do. |
Granting permission |
Excuse me говорится прежде, чем вы кого-то побеспокоили (в том числе, с целью привлечь внимание), а sorry (I beg your pardon) – в качестве извинения после причиненного беспокойства (а также, когда надо переспросить).
4. Приказ, вежливая просьба, предложение
Orders, instructions, invitations |
Requests, suggestions, advice |
Offering, asking permission |
A roll and a cup of tea, please. |
Could you give me some tea? |
Can I give you / have some tea? |
Please, come in. |
Would / do you mind coming in? |
Do / would you mind if I come in? |
Please (don’t) take your coat off. |
Will you take your coat off? |
Shall I help you with your coat? |
Wait a moment, please. |
Could you wait a moment? |
Would you like me to wait? |
TESTS
1. Journalist: “______”
Head of a firm: “As a manager of the environmental business unit, he is
responsible for a team of eight”.
1) Which is his team?
2) Is he in environmental business?
3) How many are there in his team?
4) Is he responsible for the environmental business unit?
2. Student: “________”
Tutor: “Yes, it was quite good”.
1) Did you mark my essay?
2) Have you had time to mark my essay?
3) I hope you have already marked my essay?
4) What about my essay?
3. Receptionist: “Can I help you?”
Guest: “__________”
1) Can you book a table for me in the restaurant this evening?
2) You must book a table for me.
3) Would you mind reserving a table in the restaurant for me if you’ve
got a moment?
4) I need a table in the restaurant this evening.
4. Friend: “_________”
You: “Fine”.
1) I wonder if I could make a phone call?
2) Sorry. I need to make a phone call.
3) Would you excuse me, please? I’d like to make a phone call.
4) What is your telephone call?
5. Waiter: “Would you like some more coffee?”
Customer: “________”
1) I like coffee very much.
2) Coffee is a tasty drink.
3) No, it is not necessary.
4) No, thank you. I’ve had enough.
6. Waiter: “Would you like something to drink?”
Customer: “_________”
1) Give me a cup of coffee.
2) I need a cup of coffee.
3) Would you bring me a cup of coffee, please?
4) I like coffee very much.
7. Secretary: “Good morning. Can I help you?”
Applicant: “__________”
1) Good morning. May I speak to Mr. Jones?
2) I need to speak to Mr. Jones.
3) Can you tell Mr. Jones that I’m already here?
4) Good morning. My name is David Brown. May I speak to Mr. Jones?
8. Applicant: “I’m interested in secretarial job”.
Top manager: “_________”
1) Now I don’t need any secretaries.
2) Unfortunately, now our organization does not need secretaries.
3) Have you got only secretarial diploma?
4) We have a lot of secretaries, more than it’s necessary.
9. Customer: “Yesterday I bought here a hand-bag, it’s got a flaw!”
Seller: “__________”
1) I can’t see anything.
2) Sorry, madam, can I look at it?
3) We have only high-quality goods.
4) I think the manager should look at it.
10. Traveller: “___________”
A young man: “The first train to Moscow leaves at 6 a.m.”
1) Could you tell me, please, the time of the first train to Moscow?
2) When does the first train to Moscow leave?
3) Hello, tell me the time the first train to Moscow leaves.
4) How can I know when the first train to Moscow leaves?
11. Your friend: “__________”
Professor Brown: “How do you do, Pete?”
1) Professor Brown, let me introduce my friend Pete to you.
2) This is my best friend Pete.
3) Hello, Professor Brown. That’s my friend Pete.
4) Pete, this is Professor Brown.
12. You: “I have a sore throat”.
Doctor: “________”
1) Well, you must have eaten a lot of ice-cream, yeah?
2) At this time of the year everybody catches a cold.
3) Open your mouth, please.
4) Let me feel your pulse, please.
13. Mr. Green: “__________”
Applicant: “Yes, I worked as a secretary in the company Greenwich”.
1) Do you have any work experience?
2) Where have you worked before coming to our organization?
3) You have worked somewhere before, haven’t you?
4) What is the company where you have worked before coming to us?