- •Etymology
- •Symbols The American Flag
- •History of American Flag
- •Betsy Ross
- •The coat of arms of the United States
- •The Great Seal of the United States
- •Anthem of the United States.
- •Anthem History
- •Vocabulary notes
- •History discovery
- •English settlements
- •Colonial era
- •Revolution
- •Devising a constitution
- •New nation
- •Sectional conflict
- •Civil war
- •World War I, Great Depression, and World War II
- •Postwar superpower
- •The highlights (important dates) of American history
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Government
- •Introduction
- •The Constitution
- •The Executive Branch
- •The Legislative Branch
- •The Judicial Branch
- •State Government
- •Local Government
- •Political Parties
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Languages
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Religion
- •Introduction
- •Roots of Religions
- •Present Day Religious Affiliation
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Geography
- •Climate
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vegetation
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The Nation's Capital Washington, d.C. Facts from history
- •The capital today
- •Washington, d.C. Symbols and Emblems
- •Landmarks
- •Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Institutions
- •The capitol
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Famous cities
- •25 Biggest cities population
- •Anaheim, California
- •Lake Michigan
- •Entertainment and performing arts
- •Detroit, Michigan
- •Houston, Texas
- •Tourist attractions
- •Tourist attractions
- •New York City
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Culture
- •Popular media
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Usa Education
- •Universities in the United States
- •Top 20 Ranked universities.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Famous American People Presidents
- •Literature
- •Arts and Entertainment
- •The Disney entertainment empire
- •Science and Inventions
- •Isaac singer's sewing machine
- •Henry Ford
- •Ford Motor Company
- •Ford Airplane Company
- •Other famous people
- •Vocabulary notes
- •American Traditions and Holidays
- •Washington's Birthday (Presidents' Day)
- •Independence Day (July 4)
- •New Years Eve and New Years Day
- •Valentine's Day
- •St. Patrick's day
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Cuisine
- •Problems with defining American cuisine
- •Particular American foods
- •The most popular American foods:
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Common Abbreviations
- •The united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland National symbols
- •Vocabulary notes
- •History
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Political system
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Languages
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Religion
- •Vocabulary notes
- •G eography and climate
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Plant and Animal Life
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Largest cities
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Culture
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Educational System
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Universities
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Famous people
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Traditions, customs, holidays
- •Vocabulary notes
- •British cuisine
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Canada National symbols
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Political system
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Languages
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Geography and climate
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Plant and animal life
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Educational system and universities
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Famous People
- •Canadian cuisine
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Speech habits Бытовая сфера
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Профессионально-деловая сфера
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Учебно-социальная сфера
- •Instructor’s Notes
- •Interview with an Expert
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Социально-деловая сфера
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Особенности употребления формул вежливости
- •1. Приветствие / Прощание
- •2. Please, thank you, of course
- •3. Sorry, excuse me
- •4. Приказ, вежливая просьба, предложение
- •Business correspondence Деловое письмо
- •Служебная записка Memo
- •Электронное сообщение
- •Конверт Envelope
- •Письмо – запрос Letter of enquiry/request
- •Образец апим
- •Contents
Vocabulary notes
amendment – поправка (к закону и т.п)
to appoint - назначать
backbencher – рядовой член парламента, “заднескамеечник”
caucus – предвыборное фракционное или партийное совещание
consensus - согласие
current – текущий, настоящий
to diminish – уменьшать, приуменьшать
to enshrine – хранить, лелеять
official - чиновник
plurality - множество
Languages
Canada's two official languages, English and French, are the mother tongues of 59.7% and 23.2% of the population respectively, and the languages most spoken at home by 68.3% and 22.3% of the population respectively. On July 7, 1969, under the Official Languages Act, French was made commensurate to English throughout the federal government. This started a process that led to Canada redefining itself as an officially bilingual nation.
Extra information
English and French have equal status in federal courts, Parliament, and in all federal institutions. The public has the right, where there is sufficient demand, to receive federal government services in either English or French. While multiculturalism is official policy, to become a citizen one must be able to speak either English or French, and 98.5% of Canadians speak at least one (English only: 67.5%, French only: 13.3%, both: 17.7%).
French is mostly spoken in Quebec, but there are substantial Francophone populations elsewhere, mainly in the northern parts of New Brunswick, eastern, northern and southwestern Ontario, and southern Manitoba. Of those who speak French as a first language, 85% live in Quebec. Ontario has the largest French population outside Quebec. French has been the only official language of Quebec since 1974; New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province in the country. No provinces other than Quebec and New Brunswick have constitutionally official language(s) as such, but French is used as a language of instruction, in courts, and other government services in all of the majority English or Inuktitut speaking provinces and territories. In Ontario, French has some legal status but is not fully co-official. Several aboriginal languages have official status in Northwest Territories. Inuktitut is the majority language in Nunavut, and one of three official languages in the territory.
Vocabulary notes
bilingual – двуязычный
commensurate – соответственный, соразмерный; зд.: равноправный
instruction – обучение
respectively - соответственно
Religion
Canada has a wide mix of religions, but it has no official religion, and support for religious pluralism is an important part of Canada's political culture. However, most people report they are Christians, and this is reflected in several aspects of Canadian life. According to the census of 2001, 72% of the Canadian population list Roman Catholicism or Protestantism as their religion. The Roman Catholic Church in Canada is by far the country's largest single denomination. Those who listed no religion account for 16% of total respondents. In British Columbia, however, 35% of respondents reported no religion - more than any single denomination and more than all Protestants combined.