12. Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)

Если в главном предложении сложноподчиненного предложения глагол-сказуемое стоит в форме прошедшего времени, то в придаточном дополнительном предложении употребляется одна из прошедших форм.

Если действие в придаточном предложении происходит одновременно с действием в главном, оно выражается формой  Past Continuous (процесс) или Past Simple (факт).

We knew (that) he spoke good English. – Мы знали, что он хорошо говорит по-английски.

He said (that) he was watching TV. – Он сказал, что смотрит телевизор.

Если действие в придаточном предшествует действию главного предложения, оно выражается формой Past Perfect.

We didn’t know (that) he had left. – Мы не знали, что он уехал.

Если действие в придаточном будет происходить после действия в главном, оно выражается формой Future-in-the-Past (будущее в прошедшем).

We hoped he would pass his examination. – Мы надеялись, что он сдаст экзамен.

Если глагол главного предложения стоит в настоящем времени, то в придаточном глагол может стоять в любой временной форме.

I am not sure that everybody liked our suggestion. – Я не уверен, что всем понравится наше предложение.

I think the time is convenient for you. – Я думаю, что это время удобно для вас.

 

 

Задание 12.1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен.

1. I thought you spoke Russian. 2. The speaker said it was a historic discovery. 3. I was sure you knew everything. 4. We didn’t know they were still having talks. 5. I thought they hadn’t received our letter yet. 6. The director hoped that the film would be a success. 7. She thought we were waiting for her. 8. He said he would phone us as soon as he got to London.

Задание 12.2. Поставьте сказуемое главного предложения в прошедшее время. Сделайте соответствующие изменения в придаточном предложении.

Model A
I think I know it. I thought I knew it.	1. They say the hotel is a mile from the shore. 2. They write they are going to the south coast of Spain for their holidays. 3. He knows we have similar views on the problem.
Model B
She says she heard it on  the radio. She said she had heard it on  the radio.	1. I think he recognized me. 2. She says she didn’t see it. 3. He knows she didn’t say that.
Model C
I hope you have settled it. I hoped you had settled it.	1. She thinks she has lost the key. 2. She says she has never thought of that.
Model D
I’m sure everything will be all right. I was sure everything would be all right.	1. He says we’ll have a short rest when we get to the river. 2. Everybody understands the new project will be very expensive.

13. Косвенная речь (Indirect Speech) Утверждения

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
She says, “I am happy”.	She says (that) she is happy.
She said, “I am happy”.	She said (that) she was happy.
“I don’t know anything about it”, he said to me.	He told me (that) he didn’t know anything about it.
Jack said, “My uncle has just bought a new car”.	Jack said (that) his uncle had just bought a new car.
I said to the nurse, ”You haven’t given me my medicine”.	I told to the nurse that she hadn’t give me my medicine.

Задание 13.1. Передайте высказывания в косвенной речи.

1. She says,” I’ll join you in a minute”. 2. He said, “I am absolutely sure”. 3. He said to us, “The project will be financed by several companies”. 4. The manager said to the interviewers, “The construction has been completed in record time”. 5. The air hostess says, ”The plane is landing”.