7 Билет. The growth of New England.

During the 1600’s thousands of people came to Massachusetts. They settled near the ocean, they started town like Boston and Salem. They had the leaders and the leaders divided the land among the families. The Puritans built their houses close to one another. There were people in Massachusetts who didn’t agree with the Puritan church. Part of them started settlement that in time became a new colony – Road Island. Roger Williams felt that church should be separated from the government. Once the leaders told him to leave the settlement. When he went to one Indian village they invited him to stay through the winter. When spring came Williams and his family and friends decided to start a new settlement which they called later Providence. The Puritans forced another person to leave the colony. Her name was Ann Hutchison. She also questioned some Puritan laws and in the spring 1638 she, her husband, children and their friends started the Town of Portsmouth. Road Island wasn’t the only colony started by people unhappy with rules of the Puritan church. So was Connecticut. The leader was Thomas hooker. Thomas and friends left the settlement and started a new colony in the Connecticut River Valley. They called the settlement Hartford. People in this colony decided to form a new colony - Connecticut. All people of different religions had the right to vote. Many people who left Massachusetts didn’t move south. They went north and they wanted to set their own colony. At first Maine and New Hampshire were parts of Massachusetts, so was a part of Vermont. New Hampshire became a colony in 1679. Vermont stayed divided between New York and Massachusetts until 1791.

8 Билет Colonists and their leaders.

A group known as the Puritans came to North America. Catholics were not free to practice their religion in England. The Catholic named Sir Jorge Calvert decided to start a colony. In 1632 the king gave him a charter. Calvert named this colony Maryland in honor of the English queen. Soon he died and his son continued building the colony. He encouraged people of many regions to settle in Maryland and many colonists arrived.

French and Dutch colonies. In 1524 the king of France hired a seaman Jiovanni Verrozano to find a rout to Asia. Verrazano sailed along the coast of North America from New Found land. He didn’t find a route to Asia but he found forests rich in furbearing animals and waters filed with fish. He came back to France and he’s tales excited many people to go to North America. One of them was Jacques Carter. He got permission from the king to go there. So the next year he set out and went a shore where the city of Quebec is today. He built a fort and left some men there. When he returned he was shocked to discover that only a few of his men were alive. Most had died from the cold or the scurvy. The man who was still alive wanted to return to France.

In 1609 a group of Dutch merchants hired an Englishman Henry Hudson to find a route through North America to Asia. He came back disappointed. The Dutch were amount of people interested in the Hudson Valley. William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania. He worked hard to build it up; He wrote advertisements telling people in Europe about his colony.

Spain’s colonies. Hernando Cortes was one of that Spaniards who searched for gold and silver. In 1519 he sailed from Cuba . In August of 1519 Cortes marched the Tenochtitlan. Spanish soldiers killed a number of Aztec leaders and the great battle began. Spanish took as much gold as they could. In 1521 Cortes and his men returned to Tenochtitlan. They wanted Aztecs defeated. After 15 days the war was over. The Spanish took treasures and took over all the lands.