3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1. сотрудничество всех наций

2. средства массовой информации

3. значительные улучшения

4. проблемы окружающей среды

5. потребление энергии

6. бедственные последствия

7. исчезают навсегда

8. парниковый эффект

9. кислотный дождь

10. приобрестивсемирное доверие и поддержку

4. Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, обозначьте словообразовательную морфему (приставка, корень, суффикс) либо дополнительный корень при словосложении и переведите слова на русский язык:

1. manage

2. ecology

3. pollute

4. population

5. forest

6. emit

7. public

8. threat

9. disturb

10. ugly

5. Задайте к подчеркнутому в тексте предложению все типы вопросов (общий, альтернативный, разделительный, специальный: а) к подлежащему, б) к второстепенному члену предложения).

6. Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: числительные, времена групп Continuous и Perfect активного и пассивного залога; согласование времен; функции глаголов to be, to have; усилительные конструкции, неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные:

1. Big cities have a problem with air pollution: the "Killer Smog" caused some 3500-4000 deaths in London in December 1952.

2. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become extinct twenty years from now.

3. People are beginning to realise that environmental problems are not somebody else’s.

4. In many countries purifying systems for treatment of industrial waters have been installed, measures have been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil waters.

5. Wildlife reservation models of undisturbed nature are being developed in some parts of the world.

7. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What is the price for rapid industrial development?

2. Which problems have been created by overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption?

3. What is the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains?

4. Can people avoid the disaster that threatens the natural world and all of us with it?

5. What is necessary to keep air and water clean?

6. Which anti-pollution acts passed in different countries led to considerable improvements in environment?

7. Why does the solution of environmental problems require the cooperation of all nations?

8. Составьте аннотацию к тексту (2 – 3 предложения).

9. Составьте реферат текста (10 – 15 предложений).

10. Составьте план текста и перескажите текст.

Вариант 4

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME. For hundreds of thousands of years the human race has thriven in Earth's environment. But now, at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, we are at a crucial turning point. We have upset nature's sensitive equilibrium releasing harmful substances into the air, polluting rivers and oceans with industrial waste and tearing up the countryside to accommodate our rubbish. These are the consequences of the development of civilization. We are to stop it by joint efforts of all the people of the world. The range of environmental problems is wide. But the matters of people's great concern nowadays are atmosphere and climate changes, depletion of the ozone layer, freshwater resources, oceans and coastal areas, deforestation and desertification, biological diversity, biotechnology, health and chemical safety. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) concentrates! its activities on these issues.

ACID RAINS. One of the most alarming forms of air pollution is acid rain. It results from the release into the atmosphere of sulphur and nitrogen oxides that react with water droplets and return to earth in the form of acid rain, mist or snow. Acid rain is killing forests in Canada, the USA, and central! and northern Europe. (Nearly every species of tree is affected.) It has acidified lakes and streams and they can't support fish, wildlife, plants or insects. (In the USA 1 in 5 lakes suffer from this type of pollution).

DEPLETION OF THE OZONE LAYER. The protective layer of the Earth, the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the sun's destructive UV (ultraviolet) rays, is being damaged by CFC (chlorofluorocarbons). They are released by the daily use of industrial and household products! refrigerators, air conditioners, foam insulation, cleaning chemicals, food packaging. In the ozone layer they attack the ozone molecules making a "hole". This "hole" allows more UV rays to penetrate to the Earth. It increases the risk of skin cancer, weakens the immune system of people. Besides, UV rays influence the oceans, the growth of plankton, an essential part of the marine-life food chain in the negative way, reduce economically important crops (rice, cotton, soy beans). The life cycle is going to be undermined by the ozone.

DESTRUCTION OF THE TROPICAL FOREST. It's generally agreed that the destruction of the tropical forest has a major impact on the world climate. The tropical rain forest is a natural recycler, provider and protector for our planet. It recycles carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, helps determine temperature, rainfall and other climatic conditions and supports the most diverse ecosystem in the world. Deforestation could cause one forth of all species on earth to vanish in the next 25 years. These forests in Amazonia, South-East Asia and West and Central Africa are being destroyed at an alarming rate of 42 million acres per year.

MEASURES TO BE TAKEN. We have only a few years to attempt to turn things around. We must review our wasteful, careless ways, we must consume less, recycle more, conserve wildlife and nature, act according to the dictum "think locally, think globally, act locally". To my mind, we are obliged to remove factories and plants from cities, use modern technologies, redesign and modify purifying systems for cleaning and trapping harmful substances, protect and in-crease the greenery and broaden ecological education. These are the main practical measures, which must be taken in order to improve the ecological situation.

Some progress has been already made in this direction. 159 countries-members of the UNO have set up environmental protection agencies. They hold conferences discussing ecological problems, set up environmental research centres and take practical urgent measures to avoid ecological catastrophe. There are numerous public organisations such as Greenpeace that are doing much to preserve environment. The 5th of June is proclaimed the World Environmental Day by the UNO and is celebrated every year.

TWO COURSES OF ACTION. The problem of the environment crisis has recently assumed global proportions. Both scientist and politicians agree that unless some radical steps are taken before long, life on our planet may be irrevocably damaged if not destroyed altogether. It seems therefore worth while to consider the fundamental conflict which, underlies the surface manifestations of the present crisis. For there undoubtedly exist a conflict, an incompatibility between the tenets of an industrial society and those of ecology.

Industry is bound to expand continuously, all ecological systems tend toward stability and equilibrium.

There seems to be at least two general courses of action which might be adopted in order that the environmental doom may be averted.

One would be to curb the dynamics of industrial development; the other – to turn technology to the construction of physiologically and socially healthy environment. The former possibility being highly unrealistic, the latter one seems to be the only pass to follow.

2. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1. to be at a crucial turning point

2. depletion of the ozone layer

3. water droplets

4. household products

5. foam insulation

6. cleaning chemicals

7. food packaging

8. skin cancer

9. weakens the immune system

10. destruction of the tropical forest

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1. очистные сооружения

2. иметь тенденцию к стабильности и равновесию

3. кислотные дожди

4. промышленные отходы

5. перечень проблем окружающей среды

6. разрушение озонового слоя

7. естественный защитник

8. запасы питьевой воды

9. предотвращать гибель окружающей среды

10. избежать экологической катастрофы

4. Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, обозначьте словообразовательную морфему (приставка, корень, суффикс) либо дополнительный корень при словосложении и переведите слова на русский язык:

1. pure

2. forest

3. real

4. doubt

5. incompatible

6. develop

7. possible

8. revocable

9. harm

10. weak