Test 3 Variant 2

1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive.

. Isn't it natural that we like to be praised and don't like to be scolded? 4. Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents? 5. Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet.

2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Perfect Infinitive:

4. I am sorry to have spoilt your mood. 5. Maggie was very sorry to have forgotten to feed the rabbits. 6. I am awfully glad to have met you.

3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление инфинитива:

4) It is a great pleasure to make your acquaintance.

5) The work to be done here will take much time.

6) I have come here to help you.

4. Измените следующие предложения по образцу, употребляя инфинитив после оборота It takes (took, will take). Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: I walked to the station in ten minutes.

It took me ten minutes to walk to the station.

4) The train went around the mountain in three hours.

5) They finished the bridge in two years.

6) We walk to school every morning in about fifteen minutes.

5. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык с помощью придаточных определительных предложений:

Образец: The question to be discussed at the meeting is very im­portent. - Вопрос, который нужно обсудить на собрании, очень важный.

4) We want this method to be applied at our plant.

5) This is the device to be used in our experiment.

6) The sample to be analysed should be chemically pure.

6. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное дополнение:

4) The parents expected the teacher to improve the child's speech. 5) I heard somebody mention his name. 6) We expect this statement to be true.

7. Замените сложное дополнение в следующих предложениях дополнительными при­даточными предложениями. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: I think this book to be very interesting.

I think that this book is very interesting. - Я думаю, что эта книга очень интересная.

4) We know him to be nominated for the chairman of the committee.

5) I expect them to be discussing this question now.

6) The government considers peaceful coexistence to be the

main principle of foreign policy.

8. Замените сложноподчиненные предложения простыми, употребив сложное дополнение. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: I saw that she was making experiments in the laboratory.

I saw her making experiments in the laboratory.-

Я видел, как, она проводила опыты в лаборатории.

4) I saw that she entered the laboratory.

5) They expect that we shall solve all problems.

6) We noticed that she was writing something.

9. Употребите инфинитив, данный в скобках, в составе сложного дополнения. Пере­ведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: Не tried to make me (to understand) him.

He tried to make me understand him.- Он пытался заставить меня понять его.

4) We asked the engineer (to show) us radio instruments.

5) They wanted the device (to be examined) carefully by experts.

6) We consider this equation (to have) different solutions.

10. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее:

4) The solution of this problem is said not to be easy.

5) Many new houses are planned to be built in our city.

6) This important problem is sure to be settled very soon.

11. Замените сложноподчиненные предложения простыми, употребив сложное подлежащее:

Образец: It is considered that the programme of experiments has been approved. - The programme of experiments is considered to have been approved.

4) It is expected that he is working at this problem.

5) It is said that the solution of this problem is not easy.

6) It is believed that the flight was completed yesterday.

12. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму глагола придаточных предложений:

4) I knew that he would refuse to help me.

5) He was sure that I should come in time.

6) She thought that the letter had been written by her friend.

13. Употребите глагол - сказуемое главного предложения и Past Indefinite(Simple) и сделайте соответствующие изменения в придаточном предложении. Переведите предложе­ния на русский язык:

Образец: Не says that he will go to the library.

He said that he would go to the library. - Он сказал, что пойдет в библиотеку.

4) I think that he is having his music lesson now.

5) We know that both he and his sister like sport.

6) Do you know that they arrived in Moscow yesterday?

14. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужной форме времени и залога, соблюдая правило согласования времен. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

4) People were sure that soon a spaceship (to fly) to other planets.

5) We were informed that many scientists (to work) at the problem of radioactivity.

6) They thought the flight (to be) successful.

15. Преобразуйте следующие предложения из прямой речи в косвенную. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: Не said, "I will be here at noon".

He said that he would be here at noon. - Он сказал, что будет здесь днем.

4) Ann said to me, "I am leaving in the morning."

5) The teacher said, "Everyone has to write a composition."

6) John said, "I saw this film last week."

16. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните в придаточ­ных предложениях глаголы в сослагательном наклонении:

3) If he were here now, he would tell us many interesting stories about his trip.

5) If they had had enough time they would have repeated their experiment.

7) Should she come, let her wait a little.

17. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Indefinite (Simple) и переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: If you (to study), you will pass your exam.

If you study, you will pass your exam. - Если вы будете заниматься, вы сдадите экзамен.

3. If I (to find) the book, I will give it to you.

4. If the weather (to be) warm, we shall go to the park.

18. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past Indefinite (Simple) и переведите предложе­ния на русский язык:

Образец: If you (to study), you would pass your exam.

If you studied, you would pass your exam. –

Если бы вы занимались, вы бы сдали экзамен.

3) If you (to take) the noon train, you would get there about four o'clock.

4) If he not (to waste) so much time in class, he would make better progress.

19. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Future in-the-Past и переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: If you studied, you (to pass) your exam.

If you studied, you would pass your exam.

- Если бы вы занимались, вы бы сдали экзамен.

3) If she prepared her homework every day, she (to get) better marks.

4) If I saw her, I (to give) her your message.

20. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past Perfect и переведите пред­ложения на русский язык:

Образец: If I (to have) time yesterday, I should have gone to the party.

If I had had time yesterday, I should have gone to the party. - Если бы у меня было время вчера, я бы пошел на вечер.

3) If I (to know) you were living in Moscow, I should have looked you up.

4) If I (to wear) a raincoat, I shouldn't have got wet.

21. Употребите Past Indefinite (Simple) после союза if, сделав соответствующие изменения в главном предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: If John comes, he will help us.

If John came, he would help us. - Если бы Джон пришел, он бы помог нам.

4) If Mary is present, the party will be a success.

5) If we hurry, we can get there by two o'clock.

22. Употребите Past Perfect после союза if, сделав соответствующие изменения в главном предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: If John comes, he will help us.

If John had come then, he would have helped us.

3) If I feel better, I shall go with you.

4) If I am not busy, I shall be glad to accompany you.

23. Переведите текст и напишите аннотацию к нему на английском языке.

Machines through the age

Mechanization, or the use of machines to do the work of animals or people, has been with us for centuries. There are six basic kinds of mechanization. Classification depends on whether machines, or combinations of animals and people, are responsible for the three fundamental elements that occur in every type of activity — power, action and control.

The first kind of mechanization is introduced by typ­ing. In typing words, a body produces "the power" to drive a machine, but the machine produces "action"; control is with the body. In one of the early mechanized devices, the horse and cart, an animal is responsible for power, while a person controls the mechanism, but the element responsible for action — the cart's wheels and axles — is mechanical. The horse and cart is a simple example of a mechanism that saves the human body from doing something.

In the second kind of mechanization, hardware is res­ponsible for both power and action. In a car, for example, the wheels, gears and so on provide action while the en­gine supplies power.

Wind-and water-mills are another kind of mechanized device. Like cars, they use inanimated power source (air or water). But these power sources are not within a per­son's control.

The next 2 types of mechanized devices are all partly automatic. They are mechanically controlled; a person does not have to be present to supervise them.

Simple automatic devices are not new. Soon after the first machine-tools appeared late in the 18th century, engi­neers modified them so that they could work by them­selves for some of the time. An operator would set his ma­chine so that it cut a piece of metal automatically. He would not have to do anything while the operation took place. The control devices here were camshafts and stops.

The fifth example of mechanization is semi-automatic equipment. Here people are required for only some ele­ments of control. In this category are assembly lines with the conveyer systems of the 19th and early 20th centuries with which, for instance, Henry Ford's first factories as­sembled cars. In this system parts move from one part of the factory to another on an automatic conveyer. But people have to be present. They stand next to the lines to fit things onto the parts as they move past.

Finally, the sixth kind of mechanization is truly auto­matic devices, such as transfer lines, computer controlled machine-tools, robots.

So to get a strict definition of automation, we can say: automation = mechanization + automatic control.