- •The History of English
- •The Indo-European family of languages
- •The Germanic / Teutonic branch
- •Ancient History of Britain
- •Primary Periodization of English History by Henry Sweet
- •Detailed Periodization of the History of English
- •Basic changes in English
- •11. Old English or Anglo - Saxon Alphabet
- •12. Old English Phonological Changes in Details
- •12.Old English Consonant Changes
- •Word - Building in Old English
- •14. Old English Morphology System
- •1. Shortering in Close Syllable
- •2. Rise of new diphth. In me
- •5.Sometimes no changes:
- •6. Leveling in unstressed syllables (innovation in me)
- •Loss in consonants in clusters
- •Separet fonetic changes in the 17 th st . London dialect
- •Development & disappearing of some sounds
Loss in consonants in clusters
Type of consonant simplification
-
Final cluster
Initial cluster
Consonant + consonant ( the final is not pronounce)
Consonant + consonant ( the first is not pronounce)
Consonant+ consonant+ consonant ( middle is not pronounce)
Vowel + consonant + consonant
Stressed vowel + consonant + consonant ( the middle is not pronounce)
\SJ\ - \S\
\ZJ\- \З\
\ZJU\ -\ЗU\-\ ЗE\
\TJ\ - \TS\
\TJU\ - \TSE\
gnat – komar
Vowel + k\g + n \kgn\ acknowledge \n\ knight
* h despaired forehead, shepherd, Notingham
mb – m thoumb
mn –n column
n –l myln – mill
ndm – mn grandmother handsome
mdk – nk –nk handkerchief
stl – sl castle
ktl-kl directly
skl –sl muscle
\w\ +\r\ write, wrap, wring
\hw\ -\w\ who which why
Separet fonetic changes in the 17 th st . London dialect
BBC English
Short u – short a
- u- spelling – o – spelling because of fracture come, some, love,
ou- spelling rought, enough, young, double
oo spelling - a blood, flood
\u\ was not transformed in short\a\
labial ( p, b, f, w)consonants + \u\ = \u\ bull bully bullet bulletin bullion butcher bush pull pulpit push pudding put puss full wolf
NB bulp pulse pulmonary butler
NB \k\ + \u\ - u cushion
Development & disappearing of some sounds
vowel + \X\ + \\ - vowel + t light brought ou monoftongonaised
Final x- f caught
final x despaired at all dough though through
Sound l was lost before certain consonants l + k talk walk
l+m\f\v\ - mfv palm calm half
l + d –d should would