- •Методические указания для студентов по направлению
- •140100 Теплотехника и теплоэнергетика
- •1 The Paradigm Shift Reading
- •I. Read the following international words:
- •Idea, fundamental, theory, centre, system, mechanical, gravitation, industrial, energy, process, nature, revolution, construct, quantum, theory.
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •III. Guess if the following statements are true or false.
- •2 Mikchail Lomonosov
- •I. Read the following international words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •III. Remember these words:
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the following words:
- •Pronoun one Местоимение one
- •V. Translate the sentences. Mind one.
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with: one, ones.
- •VII. Discuss with your group-mates.
- •3 Fields and Forces
- •I. Read the following key words:
- •II. Guess if the following statements are true or false.
- •III. Read and translate the text.
- •4 Thomas Alva Edison
- •I. Read the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions:
- •5 The science of electricity
- •I. Read the following key words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •6 Michael Faraday
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •VI. Translate into Russian. Mind no:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •Faraday’s Law.
- •Faraday’s Law.
- •7 The Electric Charge Opposite Charges and Interactions
- •I. Read the following key words: lightning, characteristic, interaction, rod, positive, negative, opposite, comb, particles, cumulonimbus, thunder.
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •VII. Read and remember the following instructions. What should you do to protect yourself from lightning?
- •8 Isaak Newton
- •I. Read the following international words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •III. Remember these words:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the infinitive.
- •V. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the infinitive constructions.
- •VI. Discuss in the group.
- •2. The theory of gravity.
- •9 Energy and its forms
- •I. Read the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text
- •Vocabulary
- •III. Remember these words:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences:
- •V. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the passive voice:
- •VI. Translate into Russian in writing.
- •VIII. Discuss in the group.
- •10 Electricity
- •I. Read the following key words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •VIII. Arrange the scrambled words to make up sentences.
- •11 Electric power
- •I. Read the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •III. Remember these words:
- •IV. Translate these sentences. Find predicates in the passive voice.
- •V. Complete the text with the correct form of the verb.
- •VI. Translate the following groups of words.
- •12 Direct current and alternating current
- •I. Read the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •VI. Test. Choose the correct variant:
- •VII. Answer the following words:
- •13 Difference between a.C. And d.C.
- •I. Read the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •VI. Define the following terms.
- •I. Read the following words:
- •I I. Read and translate the text.
- •VI. Find antonyms among the following words:
- •VII. Complete the sentences using the correct variant.
- •VI. Give an English definition for the following terms:
- •Resistance and Resistivity
- •I. Read the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •III. Remember these words:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences.
- •V. State to what part of speech the following words belong and translate them:
- •VI. Translate the following sentences:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •14 Sources of energy
- •I. Read the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •III. Remember these words:
- •V. Now answer these questions.
- •VI. Match these different power plants to their description.
- •VII. Translate the following words and define their part of speech:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences.
- •15 Alternative energy
- •I. Read the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •VI. Read what people say about different fuels and energy sources. What text is mainly about the following? Match the appropriate statement and the text.
- •VII. Questions for discussion:
- •16 Wind power
- •I. Read the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •VI. Match components 1-8 with their functions a-h with the help of this simplified diagram of a wind turbine.
- •Read the web page and answer the questions below.
- •VIII Try this quiz. What do you know about wind turbines?
- •17 Electric motors
- •I. Read the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •Inside an Electric Motor
- •18 Heating system
- •I. Read the following words:
- •19 Electric Shock Safety Electric System
- •I. Read the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •VII. Test. Choose the correct variant:
- •VIII. Questions to the text:
- •I. Complete the warnings with the words in the box.
- •II. Work in pairs. Why do the signs below have different colours and shapes? Match the examples to the signs.
- •III. Complete the instructions with the words in the box.
- •IV. Write these signs in another way.
- •VII.Work in pairs. What safety rules are in your University?
- •Reference section Numbers, times and dates
- •Common Fractions (Простые дроби)
- •Decimal Fractions (Десятичные дроби)
- •Volume/Capacity
- •36.7 Find among the following words:
- •4. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the words in bold type:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with:
- •I. Read the manual for the solar panel…
I. Read the following words:
strength, shock, both, resistance, dangerous, lethal, circuit, deenergize, attending personnel, atmosphere, contacts, measures.
II. Read and translate the text.
The strength of current depends on both the voltage and on the resistance in a circuit. A current of 50ma is dangerous for a man, it may result in an electric shock. One gets an electric shock in case one touches live conductors when the power is on. And a current of 100ma and higher is lethal. Thus, before working on a circuit, deenergize it and work on it with the power off.
Earthing system serves to protect attending personnel from electric shocks when voltage appears on parts that are normally dead. The risk of an electric shock decreases with decreasing voltage. In wet and hot atmosphere the risk of an electric shock increases. Safe voltage for circuits used in dry atmosphere is under 36V. When the power is on contacts with live conductors are dangerous for life. When a live conductor is touched with both hands the resistance of the conductor is from 10,000 to 50,000 ohms. When a live conductor is touched with one hand the resistance is much higher. The higher is the body resistance, the smaller is the current that flows through the body. Take it into consideration and work with one hand if the power is on!
Thus measures are taken to protect attending personnel from contacts with live parts of installations under voltage.
The danger of electric shock disappears provided the metal parts of installations under voltage are connected with ground by means of safety earthing. Connecting to ground is made by means of measuring devices. The faulty parts should be detected, eliminated, and replaced by new ones.
Vocabulary
III. Remember these words:
earthing, to touch, to attend, consideration, to disappear, to connect, check, to detect, to eliminate, faulty, wet, installation.
IV. Translate the following word combinations:
power decrease, dry air, hot atmosphere, dead conductor, live conductors, power on position, power off position, safety earthing system, dangerous decrease of voltage, live conductor contact.
V. Fill in the gaps using “to detect”, “to appear”, “to disappear”, “to decrease”.
When the resistance increases, the risk of electric shock …
Faults in electric installations are … by means of special devices.
Electric power … only on live conductors with power on.
When the device is switched off electric power …
VI. Choose the proper words.
1. The danger of electric shock … ( appears, disappears) when the
conductor becomes … (live, dead)
2. Current passes through faulty … (earthed, unearthed) parts of
installations when the power is on.
3. Low accuracy of measurement is … ( an advantage, a disadvantage) of
the measuring device.
4. The danger of electric shock …( increases, decreases) in the wet and
hot atmosphere.
5. No current flows through a … (dead, live) conductor.
VII. Test. Choose the correct variant:
Earthing system serves …
as protection from electric shock; b) as connection with ground.
Voltage appears on …
dead parts; b) live parts.
Contact with live conductors is …
dangerous; b) safe.
Connection to ground is made …
a) by means of wire conductors; b) by means of earthing electrodes.
Danger of electric shock disappears if the frame …
is earthed; b) is unearthed.