- •Table of contents
- •(Verbids, verbals)
- •Categories of Finite Forms of the Verb (revision)
- •Classification of non-finite forms of the verb (verbals)
- •V erbals
- •V erbals
- •Indefinite Continuous Perfect Non-Perfect Active Passive
- •Grammatical categories of participle I
- •General Characteristic of the infinitive
- •Double nature of the infinitive
- •Verbal Features of the Infinitive
- •A: Morphological features
- •B: Syntactical features
- •Nominal features of the Infinitive
- •Other functions of the Infinitive
- •Grammatical categories of the infinitive
- •Forms of infinitive
- •The infinitive as subject
- •1. The infinitive as the subject can either:
- •Infinitive as predicate
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal modal predicate
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal aspect predicate
- •Not all these verbs have the same combinability:
- •T o stop
- •Task 15. Use either an infinitive or a gerund or both in the sentences below.
- •Module 2 the infinitive as object
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •T o prefer
- •T o be afraid
- •C annot help
- •The infinitive as attribute
- •The infinitive can be introduced by a conjunction or preposition. In this function the attribute can be expressed by a conjunctive infinitive phrase with the following conjunctions:
- •The infinitive as an adverbial modifier
- •1. Adverbial Modifier of Purpose (Manner)
- •Compare
- •2. Adverbial Modifier of Result or Consequence
- •3. Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •4. Adverbial Modifier of Subsequent Events
- •5. Adverbial Modifier of Exception
- •6. Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •7. Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •8. Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
- •Group 1. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Complex Object is not used:
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of mental activity
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 3. Verbs of wishes, intentions and emotions
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of inducement
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Bare infinitive
- •Group 5. Verb of reporting and declaring
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Verbs denoting order, permission, prohibition and persuasion
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 7. Certain phrasal verbs
- •(The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate of double orientation)
- •Group 1. Verbs of seeming or chancing with the general meaning of evaluation
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Group 3. Verbs of mental activity or perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of reporting
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Phrases with modal meaning
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Revision of the infinitive
- •Task 67. Paraphrase the sentences below using (if possible) one of the following constructions: a) Complex Object; b) Complex Subject; c) For-to-Infinitive Construction
- •Task 67. Replace the underlined phrases with an appropriate infinitive or infinitive construction.
- •Appendix: verbals
- •Infinitive and gerund
- •Verbs followed immediately by infinitive
- •Verbs followed by either gerund or infinitive without a change in meaning
- •Adjectives followed by infinitive
- •Set expressions used with infinitive
- •IV. Verbs commonly used with the gerund
- •Expressions always used with gerund
- •Verbs with prepositions commonly used with the gerund
- •Set phrases with prepositions commonly used with gerund
- •Gerund after certain nouns with prepositions Preposition ‘of’
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •Preposition ‘in’
- •Miscellaneous Prepositions
- •Gerunds after prepositions
- •Infinitive and gerund used with different meaning to stop
- •T o remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •T o prefer
- •To like
- •T o be sorry
- •To be afraid, to dread, to fear
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •T o intend
- •To need
- •To advise to allow to recommend
- •To be interested
- •To imagine
- •Cannot help (used to say that it is impossible to avoid or prevent something)
- •Grammar terms glossary
The infinitive as attribute
In the function of the attribute the infinitive is used in English more often than in Russian or Ukrainian. Different forms of the infinitive can be used in this function, though the most common is non-perfect active. The infinitive can modify different parts of speech:
It can modify nouns, e.g.
The best thing (what kind of thing?) to do would be to go back. = Лучшее, что мы можем сделать – это вернуться. / Найкраще, що ми можемо зробити - це повернутися.
The “Watchman” was the only paper (what kind of paper?) ever to have published his poems. = «Дозорный» была единственной газетой, которая когда-либо печатала его стихи. / «Дозорний» була єдиною газетою, що коли-небудь друкувала його вірші.
It isn’t an idea (what kind of idea?) to be proud of. = Это не та идея, которой можно гордиться. / Це не та ідея, якою можна пишатися.
She had no wish (what kind of wish?) to be seen there again. = У нее не было никакого желания, чтобы ее там видели снова. / У неї не було ніякого бажання, щоб її там бачили знову.
It can modify pronouns, especially negative, indefinite and universal, e.g.
Fred had everything (what kind of everything?) to make his life happy. = У Фреда было все, чтобы сделать его жизнь счастливой. / У Фреда було усе, щоб зробити його життя щасливим.
There was nothing (what kind of nothing?) to be done. = Ничего нельзя было сделать. / Нічого не можна було зробити.
Mary’s sisters had already cleaned the house by the time she came from school, so there was nothing for her to do. = Сестры Мэри уже убрали дом к тому времени, как она пришла из школы, поэтому ей нечего было делать./ Сестри Мери вже прибрали будинок на той час, як вона прийшла зі школи, тому їй нема чого було робити.
Tom had done nothing (what kind of nothing?) to be ashamed of. = Тому нечего было стыдиться. / Тому не було чого соромитися.
Derek was not the one (what kind of one?) to run about and discuss his affairs with everybody. = Дерек был не из тех, кто бегает и обсуждает свои дела с другими. / Дерек був не з тих, хто бігає й обговорює свої справи з іншими.
There was no one at hand (what kind of no one?) to discuss this question with. = Не было никого под рукой, чтобы обсудить этот вопрос. / Не було нікого під рукою, щоб обговорити це питання.
Note: The function of the infinitive in the sentences like, ‘Mr. Piecraft was nowhere to be seen. = Мистера Пайкрафта нигде не было видно. / Містера Пайкрафта ніде не було видно.’ is also regarded as an attribute.
It can modify numerals, e.g.
The Browns were the first (what kind?) to come. = Брауны были первыми, кто пришел. / Брауни були першими, хто прийшов.
It can modify adjectives and quantifying expressions like :
much |
so much |
little |
a lot |
no more |
no less |
enough |
a little more |
a good deal |
a great deal more |
|
|
I have a lot to add. = Я много чего могу добавить. / Я багато чого можу додати.
A man in your position has so much to lose. = Человеку в вашем положении есть что терять. / Людині у вашому становищі є що втрачати.
This teacher’s lectures leave much to be desired. = Лекции этого преподавателя оставляют желать лучшего. / Лекції цього викладача залишають бажати кращого.