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2. Choose the right statement:

1. a) Humanism as a philosophy represents a distorted view of the man and universe.

b) Humanism as a philosophy represents a specific and true treatment of human problems.

2. a) The term Humanist came into use in the fifteenth century.

b) The term Humanist came into use in the age of Renaissance.

3. a) Twelve basic principles define position of Humanism

b) There are ten main principles in the philosophy of Humanism that distinguish it from other viewpoints.

4. a) Humanism considers all forms of supernatural as a myth.

b) Humanism believes in divine beginning.

5. a) For Humanism man is an evolutionary product of nature.

b) Humanism treats that man can have a conscious survival after death.

6. a) Humanism says that a human fate is predetermined and nothing can be changed with it.

b) According to Humanism, human beings possess the power of solving their own problems.

7. a) Humanism believes in freedom and progress for everybody irrespective of nation, race and religion.

b) Humanism says that freedom is only for those who possess creative action.

8. a) Humanism states that art is useless for practical solution of human problems.

b) Humanism believes that aesthetic experience may become a pervasive reality in the human life.

9. a) Humanism believes in democratic procedure for human happiness.

b) Humanism says that democracy can’t solve either economic or political problems.

10. a) Humanism is a stable and fixed philosophy for everybody to be taken for granted..

b) Humanism is not a dogma, but a developing philosophy.

3. Divide the text into logical parts and make up an outline of the text.

4. Speak on the meaning of Humanism. Task 6

Read and translate the text

FRANCIS BACON

(by Israel Levine)

Francis Bacon(1561-1626) is considered to be an outstanding English philosopher, statesman, essayist, Lord Chancellor of England.

The career of Francis Bacon is an unusual mixture of opposites. On the one hand, his life is crowded with activity, political and legal; he is the faithful councilor of James, and Lord Chancellor of England. His interests are those of the Court, Foreign Policy, Parliamentary struggles, Privilege and Prerogative, and all other concerns of English history of that time.

On the other hand, he is a philosopher, devoted to contemplation and study; and his philosophy is no ordinary arm-chair system of life, but is an attempt to give an entirely new direction to human thinking, to sweep away the relicts of barren Medieval dogmatism, and to lay the foundations of the only true, fertile, and practicable mode of research. A person who can make his mark in two diverse spheres of human expression must evidently be the possessor of unusually brilliant gifts.

Bacon’s achievements in these different directions, however, have called forth varied estimates. He was more of success, it is generally granted, in philosophy than in public affairs.

In philosophy Bacon stands as a prophet, the interpreter who introduces his generation and all succeeding generations to the limitless possibilities of scientific progress. Not his own individual discoveries, not even his appreciation of the changes in the men’s minds and outlook which inventions and the voyages of discovery and the spirit of the Renaissance were helping to foster; not these, but his espousal of a great cause, the cause of the true learning and fertile science, and advocacy of that cause with all the wealth of intellect, constitute Bacon’s claims to greatness and to a permanent niche in the ranks of the English thinkers. He expounded his cause with clarity, force, impressive imagery, majesty, and even passion. He set before men an ideal of human progress and advancement, an ideal of mutual service and devotion to common good.

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