- •V (verb) – глагол phr (phrase) – фраза
- •I. Text the nature of business
- •Input → transformation → output
- •I. Business n – uncountable
- •II. Business (businesses) n – countable
- •III. Business n – singular
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Comprehension exercises
- •III. Vocabulary practice exercises
- •IV. Brush up your grammar
- •All Tenses Compared Все времена в сравнении
- •V. Speech practice exercises
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Text the economic foundations of business
- •Image of a global village.”
- •Economic Systems
- •Economic Forces Affecting Business
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Comprehension exersices
- •3. Check your progress:
- •III. Vocabulary practice exercises
- •IV. Brush up your grammar
- •Passive Voice Страдательный залог
- •V. Speech practice exercises
- •The Pope and the Price of Fish
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Text economic entity assumption
- •Sole Proprietorships
- •Partnerships
- •Corporations
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Comprehension exercises
- •3. Review Questions
- •III. Vocabulary practice exercises
- •5. Make and Do
- •IV. Brush up your grammar
- •The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Contractions
- •V. Speech practice exercises
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Text accounting
- •А. The Nature of Accounting
- •В. Accounting and Bookkeeping
- •С. Accounting Professionals
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Comprehension exercises
- •2. Review questions
- •III. Vocabulary practice exercises
- •The Accounting Cycle
- •IV. Brush up your grammar
- •The Infinitive
- •Функции инфинитива
- •V. Speech practice exercises
- •I. Text financial statements
- •А. Balance Sheet
- •Vocabulary
- •В. Income Statement
- •Vocabulary
- •С. Statement of Cash Flows
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Comprehension exercises
- •III. Vocabulary practice exercises
- •IV. Brush up your grammar
- •The Modals and their Equivalents
- •V. Speech practice exercises
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Text managing financial resources
- •A. Financing the Enterprise
- •B. The Responsibilities of Financial Managers
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Comprehension exercises
- •3. Review Questions.
- •III. Vocabulary practice exercises
- •3. Borrowing and Lending
- •IV. Brush up your grammar
- •Conditional Sentences
- •V. Speech practice exercises
- •Characteristics and Functions of Money
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I text banking institutions
- •Modern Banking Institutions
- •Commercial Banks
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Comprehension exercises
- •2. Review Questions
- •III. Vocabulary practice exercises
- •Banking in the Digital Age
- •IV. Brush up your grammar
- •The Sequence of Tenses Reported Speech
- •С правилом согласования времён direct speech reported speech
- •I / we à he (she) / they tomorrow à the next day
- •V. Speech practice exercises
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Библиографический список
- •Оглавление
- •6 80021, Г. Хабаровск, ул. Серышева, 47.
II. Comprehension exercises
1. Choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence:
1. An economic entity is a general name of / any one-person business / any
organization or unit in society operating business / any corporation
2. A sole proprietorship is / always a one-person business / a business owned and operated by one person / a legal entity separate from its owners
3. All you have to do to launch a sole proprietorship is / to conclude a partnership agreement / to obtain a legal document named a corporate charter / to obtain any necessary licenses and start a checking account
4. The major disadvantage of a sole proprietorship is / the proprietor’s unlimited liability / a limited life span / the limited potential for profit
5. A legal association of two or more people as co-owners of a business for profit is called / a sole proprietorship / a partnership / a corporation
6. Partnerships are / the most used form of business organization / the least used form of business organization / as usual as other forms of business organization
7. In a general partnership each partner has / limited liability / unlimited liability
8. Limited partnerships require / at least one unlimited partner / two or more unlimited partners / no unlimited partners at all
9. A partnership in which all partners may have limited liability is called / a general partnership / a limited partnership / a limited liability partnership
10. Profits and losses of partnerships are taxed at / personal income-tax rates / corporate rates / progressive tax rates
11. Corporations account for / 30 percent of the profits earned by U.S businesses / 50 percent of the profits earned by U.S. businesses / 70 percent of the profits earned by U.S. businesses
12. The owners of a corporation are always its / stockholders / officers / top managers
13. The center of power in a corporation often lies with / the chief operating officer / the chief financial officer / the chief executive officer
14. Owners of common stock / do not have a vote, but they are first to receive dividends / have a vote and are first to receive dividends / have a vote, but they are last to receive dividends
15. One disadvantage for a corporation is the double taxation of corporate profits. It means, that any profits of a corporation are taxed / once / twice / thrice
16. Because a corporation has the status of a separate legal entity, its stockholders have / limited liability / unlimited liability
17. A company that owns most, if not all, of another company’s stock but that does not actively participate in the management of that other company is called / a parent company / a holding company / a subsidiary
18. A company that is partially or wholly owned by another corporation is called / a parent company / a holding company / a subsidiary
2. Advantages and disadvantages of each of the three basic forms of business ownership are enumerated in the boxes below. Read and determine the form of business ownership described in each box.
A
ADVANTAGES |
DISADVANTAGES |
1. Easy to form 2. Low start-up costs 3. Expanded financial capabilities 4. Tax advantages 5. Broader management base 6. Limited regulation |
1. Unlimited liability 2. Divided authority 3. Interpersonal conflicts 4. Difficult to dissolve |
B
ADVANTAGES |
DISADVANTAGES |
1. Limited liability 2. Specialized management skills 3. Expanded financial capabilities 4. Ownership is transferable 5. Unlimited life span |
1. Difficult and costly to form and dissolve 2. Tax disadvantages 3. Closely regulated |
C
ADVANTAGES |
DISADVANTAGES |
1. Easy to form and dissolve 2. Low start-up costs 3. Freedom from regulations 4. Tax advantages 5. Owner has flexibility 6. All profits to owner |
1. Unlimited liability 2. Limited financial resources 3. Lack of qualified employees 4. Limited life span |