2. Sustainable development strategy of Kazakhstan
The tasks of the RK to improve the environment and achieve sustainable development including conservation of biodiversity. This strategy has four priorities:
Creation of ecologically safe environment:
stable improvement of the environment for it become favorable to live in and for the health of people;
restoration of the violated natural ecological systems;
creation of the system of adequate stable financing of natural protection programs by the subsurface users and social funds including international ones.
Sustainable use of natural resources:
control for status of environment and monitoring of it, control for nature managers;
sustainable use, reproduction and protection of natural resources;
transition to the resources saving technologies.
Conservation of biodiversity of flora and fauna:
monitoring, rational use, reproduction and protection of flora and fauna;
development of the network of specially protected territories.
Ecological education:
public awareness and education of the society in the field of environment protection and rational use of natural resources
social cultivation of conscious priority of environment protection problems.
Solutions at international level: International conventions
Convention – a binding official agreement made between a number of states and/or economic integration organizations (such as the European Community), whereby each state/organization (contracting party) accepts certain obligations.
Kazakhstan is a party to 24 multilateral environment agreements, 13 of which have been ratified. One of the Kazakhstan’s policy goals is to harmonize national environmental legislation with international standards norms and standards, particularly those to European Union.
Table International aggriments/conventions on environment protection:
Date |
Name |
Ratified in Kazakhstan* |
1971 |
(Ramsar) Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat |
2007* |
1972 |
(Paris) Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
|
Acceptance, 1994 |
1972 |
(London) International Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea |
Accession, 1994 |
1973 |
(London) Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) |
accession |
1973 |
(Washington) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, CITES |
Accession, 1994 |
1974 |
(London) International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea |
Accession, 1994 |
1977 |
(Geneva) Convention on Protection of Workers against Occupational Hazards from Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration |
1996* |
1979 |
(Bonn) Convention of Migratory Species |
Accession, 2000 |
1979 |
(Geneva) Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP)
|
Accession, 1996 |
1981 |
(Geneva) Convention Concerning Occupational Safety and Health and the Working Environment |
1996* |
1985 |
(Vienna) Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer |
Accession, 1998 |
1987 |
(Montreal Protocol) on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer |
Accession, 2001 |
1989 |
(Basel) Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal |
Accession, 2003 |
1992 |
(Rio) Convention on Biological Diversity |
1994* |
1992 |
(New-York) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
1995* |
1992 |
(Helsinki) Convention on the protection and Use of Transboundary Waters and International Lakes |
2001* |
1992 |
(Helsinki) Convention on Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents |
2001* |
1993 |
(Paris) Convention on the prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction |
2000* |
1994 |
(Paris) Convention on Combat Desertification in Countries Experiencing serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa |
1997* |
1994 |
(Lisbon) Energy Charter Treaty |
1996* |
1994 |
(Lisbon) Protocol on Energy Efficiency and Related Aspects |
1996* |
1997 |
(Kyoto) Protocol about Restriction Greenhouse Gases in Atmosphere |
2009* |
1998 |
(Aarhus) Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters |
2001* |
1998 |
(Rotterdam) Convention on the Prior informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade |
Accession, 2007 |
2001 |
(Stockholm,) Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants |
2007* |
2003 |
(Tehran) Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea |
2006* |