Vocabulary
gradually - постепенно
powerful - сильный, могущественный
liberation - освобождение
tartar yoke - татарское иго
united - соединенный, объединенный
to remain - оставаться
target - мишень, цель, объект
attack - нападение, атака
to destroy - разрушать
fire - пожар
occupation - оккупация
completely - полностью, целиком
to restore - реставрировать, восстанавливать
ancient - древний
masterpiece - шедевр
architecture - архитектура
tower - башня
palace - дворец
mansion - особняк
to reconstruct - перестраивать, восстанавливать
unique - уникальный, единственный в своем роде
drama theatre - драматический театр
studio - студия, театр-студия
higher educational institution - высшее учебное заведение
Прочтите текст и скажите, являются ли следующие утверждения верными или ложными:
1 Moscow was founded in 1147.
2 In the XIV century Moscow became the capital of the new united state.
3 In 1912 the capital was moved to St Petersburg.
4 Ancient Moscow was a big city.
5 The population of Moscow is over 9 million people.
6 There are many theatres on the territory of the Kremlin.
7 The most famous museum in Moscow is the Hermitage.
8 Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament.
Используя клише и информацию в следующем тексте, подготовьте экскурсию по Москве
Клише
Welcome to…- Добро пожаловать в …
My name is…- меня зовут
I’m your guide. – Я – ваш гид
I’ll take you round the city – Я покажу вам город
I’ll show the most interesting sights of the city – Я покажу самые интересные достопримечательности города
Let’s start our tour with … - Давайте начнем наш тур с …
It’s better to start with … - Лучше начать с …
Let’s go to … - Давайте пойдем (поедем) в …
You can see … - Вы можете увидеть …
Let’s have a look at … - Давайте посмотрим на …
You’ll admire … - Вы получите большое удовольствие от …
Look attentively at … - Посмотрите внимательно на …
Concentrate your attention on …- Сосредоточьте свое внимание на …
I’d like to attract your attention to…-Хотелось бы привлечь ваше внимание к…
Pay attention to… - Обратите внимание на …
It is important to stress …– Важно подчеркнуть …
There’s no exaggeration in saying that … -Нет никакого преувеличения , что…
It goes without saying… - Само собой разумеется …
to gain popularity – завоевать популярность
to be famous for… - быть известным …
The best place to go to find out more about … - Лучшее место для посещения, чтобы узнать больше о …
Let’s stay for a while on (at) … - Давайте остановимся ненадолго на (в)…
We also invite you to …- Мы также приглашаем вас в …
No doubt – несомненно
Perhaps the best place to end the excursion is … - Вероятно, самое лучшее место для завершения нашей экскурсии …
I hope the excursion was very broadening – Надеюсь экскурсия была очень познавательной
The Kremlin
T
he
Moscow Kremlin is the heart of the country. It is a great monument
of Russian and world architecture. It was built in the shape of a
triangle on the left bank of the Moskva River. The Kremlin has 20
towers, of which four have gates. There you can see the wonderful
white-stone monuments of the 15th — 16th centuries.
The Uspensky (Assumption) Cathedral
T
he
Uspensky (Assumption) Cathedral (1475-1479), architect Aristotle
Fioravante from Italy.
I
t
was here that the Russian tsars and emperors were crowned. The
Cathedral is oblong, with an arched roof supported by four columns
and crowned by fine golden
domes. You can see some very fine old frescoes there.
The Archangelsky Cathedral
The Archangelsky Cathedral was built in 1505-1508 by the Italian architect, Aleviso Novy. It is cubical in shape, with fine domes. The tombs of the Moscow Princes and tsars are here.
T
he
Blagoveshchensky (Annunciation) Church
The Blagoveshchensky (Annunciation) Church was built in 1484 by architects from Pskov and enlarged in 1542 during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. The cathedral's icons include works by the oldest Russian artists: Theophanes Grek, Andrey Rublev and Prokhor of Gorodets. The murals of 1508 are the work of Feodosy, the son of Dionysius.
The Majestic Campanile of Ivan Veliky was built in 1505-1508 and was completed in 1600 during the reign of Boris Godunov. It was, in ancient times, the Kremlin watch-tower. It is 81 m high.
The Tretyakov Gallery
T
he
building was built from a design by the famous Russian artist V.
Vasnetsov at the beginning of the 20th century. The Gallery was
founded by Pavel Tretyakov in 1856. In 1892, Tretyakov donated his
collection (1,287 paintings, 518 drawings and 9 sculptures) to the
city of Moscow. Now the gallery owns some 100 thousand works of art.
The
Tretyakov Gallery is famous for its collection of Russian icons (by
the famous Andrey Rublev — 14-15th centuries, by Monysius — 15th
century) and the c
ollection
of Russian paintings of the 20th century.
Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts
Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts (architect R. L Klein).
It was built in 1898-1912.
This is a museum of the history of world art from ancient times (4th millennium, B.C.) to our day. It is one of the largest collections of paintings, graphic art, sculpture and applied art in Russia, being second only to the State Hermitage in St. Petersburg. The Museum contains originals or excellent copies of works by outstanding artists of ancient Babylon, Egypt, Rome, Greece and Western Europe.
The exhibits there include Egyptian mummies and statues of Pharaohs; the pillar with the laws of King Hammurabi of Babylon inscribed on it (2000 B. C.); copies of Hellenic statues by Phidias and Praxiteles; Etruscan vases which are over 2000 years old. Also on display are originals by famous German, French painters and European sculptors of the 17th-18th centuries.
The Monument of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky
T
his
is the first civil monument in Moscow. The monument was erected with
money raised by public subscription. It was set up in 1818 by Ivan
Martos. Up until 1930 it stood in the centre of Red Square.
A Bit of History: after the death of the first False Dmitry, the Polish invaders on September 21, 1610 entered Moscow and settled in the Kremlin. The foreign rule was oppressive and led to a broad liberation movement.
I
n
September, 1611, Kuzma Minin, a merchant, appealed to the residents
of Nizhny Novgorod, a large trading centre on the Volga, to come to
the aid of the Moscow state. He urged them to give all they had in
order to save the homeland from foreign enslavement. A lot of people
joined him and helped him with the money, and many enrolled in the
volunteer army led by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, who was known for his
courage. In August 1612, the main forces of the volunteer army
reached Moscow and began an offensive against the foreign invaders.
On October 26, the Kremlin, the last stronghold of the Poles, was
liberated.
The Tsar-Bell
A
t
the foot of the Campanile of Ivan Veliky stands the famous Tsar-Bell
cast by Ivan Motorin and his son Mikhail in 1735.During the fire of
1737, the bell cracked in many places, and a piece weighing 11.5
tons broke off. The whole bell weighs 200 tons. In front of the
Bell-Tower is the extensive Ivanovskaya Square (now Kremlin Square).
The Tsar-Cannon
The Tsar-Cannon is a rare monument to the skill of Russian masters. Cast by the iron-master Andrey Chokhov in 1586 it has: a calibre of 890 mm, a barrel 5 m 34 cm long, weight 40 tons.
S
obornaya
Square
The main square of the Kremlin is Sobornaya Square or Cathedral Square (1776-1788), designed by Christopher Konrad. The former Senate, now the residence of the Russian Government. After the fire of 1737 it was rebuilt by Ukhtomsky in 1754. Its frontage is lined with cannon captured from Napoleon's Army during its streat from Moscow in 1812.
The Mausoleum
T
he
Mausoleum was built in 1924. First it was wooden. Then it was built
of darked granite and black labradorite in 1930 (architect A.
Shchusev). Not long ago, everybody could watch the ceremony of the
changing of the guards in front of the Mausoleum. It was built as a
tomb for the leader of the Soviet State — V. Lenin.
The State History Museum
I
t
was built in 1874-1883 (architect V. O. Sherwood and A. P. Popov).
The initiators of this museum were the famous historians: A. S.
Uvarov and I. E. Zabelin. The museum faces Red Square. Tens of
thousands of exhibits in its halls show the history of the peoples
of our country from the pre-historic times of the primitive communal
system to present days.
The Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed (or Pokrovsky Cathedral)
I
t
was erected on the order of Ivan IV (the Terrible) to commemorate
the victory over the Kazan Khanate (a feudal state in the Central
Volga Region). It was designed by the Russian masters Postnik and
Barma. The cathedral is built of brick in traditional Russian style.
It has seven domes, each of a different colour. The inner gallery
also contains amazing wall and ceiling paintings (stylized flower
patterns of unique shapes and bright colours). This Cathedral is a
masterpiece of Russian Architecture. There is a legend that says
that Ivan the Terrible asked the builders if they could build
anything finer than they had already done. When they answered that
they could, he ordered that they be blinded so that there would
never hi anything more beautiful in the world than the Cathedral of
Vasily the Blessed.
