ЗМІСТ

Вступ………………………………………………………………………………….4

1 Теми та погодинний розклад практичних занять і самостійної роботи………..5

2 Перелік практичних занять……………………………………………………….6

Практичне заняття № 1 Два основні види усного перекладу: послідовний та синхронний…………………………………………………………………6

Практичне заняття № 2 Перегляд записів новин та інтерв’ю на каналі ВВС…………………………………………………………………..……….12

Практичне заняття № 3 Основні стадії перекладу на слух……………….19

Практичне заняття № 4 Основні стадії перекладу на слух. Перегляд виступу політичного діяча………………………………………………….24

Практичне заняття № 5 Основні стадії перекладу на слух. Перегляд виступу Президента США………………………………………………….34

Практичне заняття № 6 Система перекладацького скоропису…………..39

Практичне заняття № 7 Перегляд виступу видатної особи………………45

Практичне заняття № 8 Переклад тексту з аркуша……………………….48

Практичне заняття № 9 Поведінка перекладача під час прийомів, візитів, у суспільстві…………………………………………………………………51

Список літератури…………………………………………………………………56

ВСТУП

Мета навчальної дисципліни. Курс „Основи усного перекладу” є навчальною дисципліною в системі професійної підготовки перекладачів. Він має на меті підготувати спеціалістів, які володіють знаннями, вміннями і навичками в галузі усного перекладу з англійської мови на рідну і з рідної мови на англійську.

У результаті вивчення дисципліни студент повинен знати:

– основні принципи перекладу на слух з англійської мови;

– різницю між синхронним та послідовним перекладом;

– основні стадії перекладу на слух;

– лексико-семантичні, граматичні та стилістичні особливості перекладу рідною мовою;

– загальні підходи до виділення ключової інформації у тексті, що звучить;

– принципи та способи перекладацького скоропису;

– основні вимоги до адекватного перекладу тексту, що звучить з урахуванням стилістичних та прагматичних аспектів.

уміти:

– робити перекладацький аналіз англійського тексту;

– виконувати усний послідовний переклад текстів, що звучать, з англійської мови на рідну;

– долати фонетичні, лексичні та граматичні труднощі перекладу на слух;

– робити усний переклад з аркушу текстів з англійської мови на рідну;

– перекладати послідовно з англійської мови на рідну із записом або без запису повідомлення.

1 Теми та погодинний розклад практичних занять і самостійної роботи

№ пор.	ТЕМА	Денна форма		Заочна форма
		К-сть год. практ. занять	К-сть год. СРС	К-сть год. практ. занять	К-сть год. СРС
1	Два основних види усного перекладу: послідовний та синхронний	2	2	1	5
2	Перегляд записів новин та інтерв’ю на каналі ВВС	2	2	1	5
3	Основні стадії перекладу на слух	2	2	1	5
4	Основні стадії перекладу на слух. Перегляд виступу політичного діяча	2	2		5
5	Основні стадії перекладу на слух. Перегляд виступу Президента США	2	2		5
6	Система перекладацького скоропису	2	2	1	5
7	Перегляд виступу видатної особи	2	2		5
8	Переклад тексту з аркушу	2	2	1	5
9	Поведінка перекладача під час прийомів, візитів, у суспільстві	2	2	1	4
	Усього годин за семестр	18	18	6	44

Перелік практичних занять Практичне заняття № 1

Тема. Два основних види перекладу: послідовний і синхронний

Мета: ознайомлення з двома видами усного перекладу: синхронним та послідовним; розвиток навичок перекладу на слух.

Короткі теоретичні відомості

Визначення перекладу як відтворення оригіналу засобами іншої мови зі збереженням єдності форми і змісту. Два основні види усного перекладу: послідовний, що здійснюється слідом за озвученим текстом оригіналу і синхронний, що здійснюється практично одночасно з вимовою тексту оригіналу. Загальне ознайомлення з фоновою інформацією – відносини між США й Іраком, Афганістаном, Близьким Сходом; світовий тероризм.

Завдання до теми

1. Прослухати інтерв’ю міністра оборони США Дональда Рамсфілда телевізійному ведучому Леррі Кінгу (тренувальний комплекс № 1: Перший відеофрагмент) Завдання – зрозуміти сутність діалогу, його загальну тематику.

2. Аналіз специфіки мови і стилістичних особливостей інтерв’ю (розмовний стиль, швидкі питання журналіста, який ставить уже підготовлені питання, плутана, не завжди правильна мова міністра оборони, повтори, політичні кліше).

3. Прослуховування інтерв’ю з текстом англійською мовою. Розмітка тексту (паузи, тональність).

4. Повторювання тексту за мовцями, намагаючись копіювати інтонацію мовців.

5. Розпізнавання рекомендованої лексики у мові. Завдання – знайти та записати англійські еквіваленти, вивчити рекомендовану лексику.

6. Засвоєння лексики у мові.

6. Переклад інтерв’ю, спираючись на стенограму його запису.

8. Переклад інтерв’ю на слух без тексту, спочатку послідовно, потім синхронно.

Стенограма інтерв'ю:

KING: We're going to hopscotch to a lot of areas, and not necessarily in continuous order.

Four men were arrested in Dallas today by an FBI anti-terrorist team. The arrests of the four brothers allegedly tied to an alleged terror financing scheme by the group Hamas. Know anything about it?

RUMSFELD: Well, I've seen reports on it, and it happens almost every day. Somewhere across this globe a group of people, a cell, is being arrested and being interrogated and we're connecting the dots.

You've read about this new commission that's just been appointed to figure out what happened on September 11.

They're trying to connect the dots after it's over. We're trying to connect the dots before, and see if we can't find a road map as to what people are doing and how they're doing it, so that we can in fact help prevent these kinds of terrible terrorist acts.

KING: They've got the edge, because they know what they're going to do today. And you don't.

RUMSFELD: Exactly. And they can attack at any time in any place using any technique, and it's impossible to defend it every time in every place.

KING: Why did you go to Qatar?

RUMSFELD: We have a lot of troops there, and I had a wonderful opportunity to meet with, you know, hundreds of young men and women who have voluntarily said that they're going to serve their country. And that's an exciting thing to do that. And I was pleased to do that. The country of Qatar, I met with the foreign minister and we signed a letter of understanding, a letter of agreement, as to our relationship. And had a wonderful visit with the troops.

KING: How important is Qatar?

RUMSFELD: Well, you know, they're all links in a chain, and it's important. All of these countries, these 90 nations across the world that are cooperating with us, are important. Each one is important, because each one brings a scrap of information.

Some person last year found in a house in Afghanistan found a piece of information that stopped three terrorist acts from happening in Singapore, 10, 12, 15 days later. This is truly a global problem, so each country is important.

KING: How many stops don't we learn about?

RUMSFELD: Oh, my goodness, there are any number of things. Think of the number of people that aren't being recruited, because of the pressure that's being put on. Think of the number of dollars that aren't being fed into the network. Think of the number of bank accounts that were frozen. Think of the number of pieces of scraps of information from people who were arrested and interrogated. We get information every day from the detainees that we've arrested.

KING: Have we learned a lot ~ yes, speaking of that, have we learned a lot about radicals, why someone puts a bomb on his chest and blows himself up? Why would they do that? Do we learn from talking to others that we capture?

RUMSFELD: Sure. We learn. What's going on in the world, there's a lot of money going into these so-called madrasas schools that are ~ and they aren't training people in mathematics or languages or sciences or whatever, humanity. They're training people to kill. They're training people to go out and kill innocent men, women and children. And we need to see that those schools are closed down, and we need to see that those schools are provided teaching the right things, so that people can live a constructive life in this world.

KING: Do you have any hope, any more optimism in the Middle East? We've had less lately of those bombings. They sporadically occur. They used to be more regular.

RUMSFELD: We do. Yes, I mean, there is no question that Saddam Hussein offers a $25,000 reward to any family whose child is a suicide bomber. There's a wonderful contribution to the world.

KING: That's a fact.

RUMSFELD: That's a fact. Think about it. It's just terrible.

KING: If a son of a family goes out and kills himself, the family...

RUMSFELD: If the family son or daughter goes out and blows up a shopping mall or a pizza parlor, they get $25,000 from Saddam Hussein.

Now, but what do we do about that? Well, we simply have to work the problem just like we work the problem as firefighters. We work the – problem is policemen, we have to go out and do everything we can to create a world where people aren't going to be doing that.

KING: How ready are we militarily for action? Hypothetic, given the go.

RUMSFELD: Sure, given the go, we go.

KING: Ready to go?

RUMSFELD: No, we're flowing forces now. We've – the only reason that Saddam Hussein's allowing inspectors back in Iraq is because of the pressure of a threat of military force being used against him. The congress's action was helpful. The action by the United Nations, and their recognition – I mean, heck, they went for years with refusing the inspectors to be in there. Now they're allowing them in.

KING: But how ready are we – if the man says go?

RUMSFELD: The reality is that in a perfect world, you'd say, well, there are things you'd still do. And we are still doing things, because it's important that the Iraqis understand that they need to respond to the UN resolution. Every day that goes by, obviously, our capability to move faster and somewhat better improves. But if the Iraqis did something untoward today, we're capable of beginning and doing what we need to do. If the president said do it.

KING: Morale is high?

RUMSFELD: Excellent, just excellent.

KING: Think we'll need a draft?

RUMSFELD: Absolutely not. Absolutely not, no. I mean, I was one of the sponsors of the volunteer army back in the 1960s when I was a congressman. And what we were doing in those days was using force, compulsion, conscription, to bring people into the military so we could pay them 50, 60 percent of the civilian manpower market wage, whatever was fair.

Рекомендована лексика (English)

1. hopscotch

2. hopscotch

3. in continuous order

4. anti-terrorist team

5. allegedly

6. terror financing scheme

7. somewhere across the globe

8. cell

9. connect the dots

10. appoint a commission

11. figure out

12. road map

13. help prevent

14. get the edge

15. technique

16. meet with

17. serve a country

18. that's an exciting thing to

19. foreign minister

20. letter of understanding

21. visit with the troops

22. link in a chain

23. scrap of information

24. recruit

25. put on pressure

26. detainee

27. speaking of that

28. train in maths

29. humanity

30. sciences

31. we need to see

32. live a constructive life

33. occur sporadically

34. shopping mall

35. pizza parlor

36. work the problem

37. given the go

38. heck

39. threat of military force

40. go for years with smth

Список рекомендованих виразів (English)

1. We're going to hopscotch to a lot of areas

2. not necessarily in continuous order

3. Somewhere across this globe

4. They're trying to connect the dots after it's over. We're trying to connect the dots before

5. They've got the edge

6. We have a lot of troops there

7. that's an exciting thing to do that

8. they're all links in a chain

9. there are any number of things

10. Think of the number of people that aren't being recruited, because of the pressure that's being put on.

11. have we learned a lot about radicals?

12. there's a lot of money going into these so-called madrasas schools

13. They're training people to kill

14. we need to see that those schools are closed down

15. They sporadically occur

16. They used to be more regular

17. Think we'll need a draft?

18. I was one of the sponsors of the volunteer army back in the 1960s

19. there is no question that Saddam Hussein offers a $25,000 reward

20. we simply have to work the problem just like we work the problem as firefighters

21. How ready are we militarily for action?

22. Sure, given the go, we go.

23. we're flowing forces now

24. they went for years with refusing the inspectors to be in there.

25. there are things you'd still do.

26. But if the Iraqis did something untoward today, we're capable of beginning

27. Morale is high?

Контрольні питання

1. Дайте визначення усного перекладу.

2. У чому полягає різниця між послідовним і синхронним перекладом?

3. Які існують основні вимоги до адекватності усного перекладу?

Література: [1, c. 256–270; 2 c. 99–111; 3, c. 23–43].

Практичне заняття № 2

Тема. Перегляд записів новин та інтерв’ю на каналі ВВС

Мета: розвиток навичок перекладу на слух; засвоєння лексики.

Короткі теоретичні відомості

Функціональне призначення та функціональна спрямованість перекладу. Урахування специфіки усних жанрів при перекладі. Інформаційне повідомлення та інтерв’ю як об’єкти усного перекладу.

Завдання до теми

1. Прослуховування інтерв’ю міністра оборони США Дональда Рамсфілда телевізійному ведучому каналу ВВС Леррі Кінгу англійською мовою (Другий відеофрагмент). Завдання – зрозуміти сутність діалогу, його загальну тематику.

2. Прослуховування інтерв’ю з текстом англійською мовою. Розмітка тексту (паузи, тональність).

3. Повторювання тексту за мовцями, намагаючись копіювати інтонацію мовців.

4. Розпізнавання рекомендованої лексики та висловів у мові. Завдання – знайти англійські слова і вислови та записати їх українські еквіваленти, вивчити рекомендовану лексику.

5. Засвоєння лексики у мові.

8. Переклад інтерв’ю, спираючись на стенограму його запису.

9. Переклад інтерв’ю на слух без тексту, спочатку послідовно, потім синхронно.

Стенограма інтерв'ю:

KING: We're back with Secretary Rumsfeld. The public reaction to Iraq seems in all the polls to be kind of mixed, should we go, don't we go ~ I think it's running about the 58 percent to 42 percent. It changes. Hollywood celebrities have come — by the way, does that bother you, celebrities coming out against it?

RUMSFELD: I guess it doesn't. I think that people have a right in our country to say what they want to say and to think what they want to think.

KING: Do you think it's harmful for Sean Penn to go over to Baghdad and express feelings of support for them?

RUMSFELD: I was not. I didn't have enough free time to follow what he said or how he behaved himself. I just don't know. But it, net ~ net, I would say that the national dialogue on this subject has been a good one and an important one.

And the debate in the Congress and the discussion in the United Nations, and the discussions on television, in the press, we needed that.

This is a new century, with a new set of threats, and a new set of powerful, lethal weapons that threaten us. And we can't just go from the old world into this new world and not think that it doesn't take some time. It takes some thinking about it. We need to get our heads wrapped around these new concepts and these new dangers and these new ideas and these new problems, and new ways of dealing with problems.

So I think that the discussion has been generally pretty good, and I'm pleased that it's happened. Because I don't think you go from here to here in two minutes. You need to work yourself over there.

KING: It's also what a democracy is about.

RUMSFELD: You bet.

KING: I mean, you want — it has been reported — it has been reported...

RUMSFELD: There's the passive voice.

KING: ... that you were upset with Bob Woodward's book "Bush at War."

RUMSFELD: Interesting.

KING: The word was that he got interviews with - certainly lengthy interviews with the president, two and a half hours, he got interviews with Powell, but that you didn't grant him that and therefore didn't come out as well. Anyway, your general comments on the book.

RUMSFELD: I've not read the book. I don't know what it said. I guess that wherever that came from - I'm - maybe I'm – let's just put it this way...

Рекомендована лексика (English)

1. public reaction

2. polls

3. celebrity

4. come out against

5. national dialogue

6. take time

7. take thinking

8. work oneself

9. be upset

10. the word is

Список рекомендованих виразів (English)

1. public reaction is kind of mixed

2. does that bother you?

3. celebrities are coming out against the war

4. We need to get our heads wrapped around these new concepts and these new dangers and these new ideas and these new problems, and new ways of dealing with problems.

5. It's what a democracy is about.

6. you bet

7. There's the passive voice.

8. wherever that came from

9. let's just put it this way...

Третій відеофрагмент

Стенограма інтерв'ю:

KING: Going to touch some more bases before we let the secretary go on with...

RUMSFELD: Before you do, let me just say one thing that crossed my mind.

You said my wife Joyce is a trooper. She is. She gets better the tougher things get.

KING: In other words, she says, Go to Qatar. Yes, OK. You've got to look at though twice.

Somebody's reporting today – a reporter is reporting that you want the language of the reaction to the arms declaration not to call the declaration a material breach at this point. Is that true?

RUMSFELD: I'm not going to discuss it. It's a subject that's being internally discussed inside the United States government, and people who are saying that are talking about private meetings with the president, and I don't think it's of particular service. I'll give my advice to the president.

KING: "Washington Post" reporting the United States is training 1000 Iraqi allies. True?

RUMSFELD: It says who is training them?

KING: The United States is training Iraqis.

RUMSFELD: I don't know what the number is, but we certainly are in the process of recruiting and vetting and beginning that process of Iraqi opposition training. Yes.

KING: What's the current situation in Afghanistan?

RUMSFELD: It is encouraging. They have elected a government through the Loya Jirga process. The Taliban are gone. The al Qaeda are gone. The country is not a perfectly stable place, and it needs a great deal of reconstruction funds from countries around the world. And more people have to help, but it is on a path that is so much better than it was a year ago, a year and a half ago. It's just amazing. The schools are open, hospitals are open, refugees are returning...

KING: Going (ph) to go back?

RUMSFELD: Pardon me?

KING: Are you going to go over?

RUMSFELD: Oh, certainly. I've been there several times, and I intend to. We spend a lot of time thinking about it. It's terribly important that they succeed.

There are people who are throwing hand grenades and shooting off rockets and trying to kill people, but there are people who are trying to kill people in New York, or San Francisco. So it's not going to be a perfectly tidy place. It's a country that's gone through a terrible period of years.

But we've got to as a country recognize that it's – we have to provide leadership in the international community so that they live up to their financial pleasures and so that that government is able to create a sufficiently stable environment that they can then begin to provide for their own security. So I'm hopeful, I'm encouraged and I wish them well.

KING: Everybody's talking about it. We'd be remiss if I didn't ask you. Any thoughts on Trent Lott?

RUMSFELD: None. The president's spoken on that subject.

KING: Do you agree with what he said?

RUMSFELD: It is not for me to get involved in a legislative matter, and the president has indicated what he believes, and I'm a part of his administration.

KING: Were you surprised?

RUMSFELD: I have said what I have to say.

KING: You don't want to talk about it?

RUMSFELD: No, it's not for me to talk. I'm running the Department of Defense. This is a matter for the United States Senate.

KING: The biggest change ever proposed at this building was – I guess McNamara once said we should combine the forces. The Navy fights with the Army too much, and the Army with the Air Force over things, and maybe we should have one force. What do you think about that? An idea that came and went.

RUMSFELD: Well, it comes from time to time. I don't even remember that he said that, but the reality is that there is a value to having services and tradition and specialization in their areas. And the problem is that no one fights with an Army, a Navy or an Air Force. They fight combined, they fight joint, they fight together.

The combatant commander right now, Tom Franks, as he worries about problems in his area of responsibility, he wants to have the ability to put power on a target. He wants to be able to do a certain specific military task, and he could not care less whether it was the Army, the Navy or the Marines.

So how do you get from the services coming straight up, separate, not joint, to a war fighting situation where they have to be joint, they have to be interoperable. They have to function totally together. And that is what we're trying to do, and I think we're doing a better job of it today than ever before in history.

KING: Running out of time. What are you doing Christmas?

RUMSFELD: I haven't decided.

KING: Might go visit troops?

RUMSFELD: I haven't decided where I'm going to be.

KING: And are you going to be – if the president runs and is reelected and asks you to stay, will you?

RUMSFELD: I have not been asked to stay, and I don't answer questions that aren't before me. I've got enough problems of my own.

KING: Thank you, Donald.

RUMSFELD: Thank you.

KING: The secretary of defence, Donald Rumsfeld. "NEWSNIGHT" with Aaron Brown is next. Mariah Carey tomorrow night.

Thanks for joining us. Good night.

Рекомендована лексика (English)

1. touch bases

2. cross one's mind

3. trooper

4. perfectly tidy place

5. be of service

6. ally

7. vet

8. a great deal

9. throw hand grenades

10. shoot off rockets

11. the Marines

12. to provide leadership in the international community

13. live up to

14. legislative matter

15. pardon me?

16. there is a value to

17. care less

18. combine the forces

19. a material breach

20. a war fighting situation

Список рекомендованих виразів (English)

1. Going to touch some more bases.

2. let me just say one thing that crossed my mind.

3. She gets better the tougher things get.

4. You've got to look at though twice.

5. I don't think it's of particular service.

6. It's terribly important that they succeed.

7. It's a country that's gone through a terrible period of years.

8. I'm hopeful, I'm encouraged and I wish them well.

9. We'd be remiss if I didn't ask you.

10. No, it's not for me to talk.

11. I'm running the Department of Defence.

12. An idea that came and went.

13. he could not care less.

14. Running out of time.

15. I've got enough problems of my own.