Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации

Дальневосточный государственный университет

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О.Е. Баранцева, Л.Р. Головачева, Т.С. Панюшкина,

О.А. Похабова, О.И. Сурожская

FORMS EXPRESSING UNREALITY

(Subjunctive Mood)

Учебно-методическое пособие

по практической грамматике

для студентов 2 курса Восточного института

Владивосток

Издательство Дальневосточного университета

2004

Conditionals and if - clauses. Type I (true in the present, past and future)

Exercise 1. Translate into Russian according to the example.

Example: If you keep driving like that, you’ll have an accident

Если ты будешь и дальше так вести машину, попадешь в

аварию.

Mind the false conditionals where if =when

Example: If I work late, I get tired.

Если я работаю допоздна, я устаю.

If it was snowing, we stayed at home

Если шел снег, мы оставались дома.

1. If I see him, I’ll give him a lift. 2. If that was Mary, why didn’t she stop and say hello? 3. If they don’t come to our party, we’ll be upset. 4. I’ll be very angry if he makes any more mistakes. 5. Oil floats if you pour it on water. 6. If he is late, we’ll go without him. 7. God won’t give us a child if we aren’t meant to have one. 8. You have to practice if you want to learn a musical instrument. 9. If she does talk, you’ll be sorry you ever asked. 10. If I promise to give you a letter, will you come back? 11. How can you make decisions if you don’t know what’s going on? 12. What will he do if he doesn’t get their answer? 13. When will you repay me if I lend you the money? 14. If she needs a radio, she can borrow mine. 15. If it rains, I might decide to stay home. 16. If it rains, we should stay home. 17. If you see Ted tomorrow, tell him I’d like to have a word with him.

Exercise 2. Make the sentences negative and interrogative:

If the weather is fine tomorrow, we’ll go to the country.

I’ll give you this videocassette if you return it next week.

You will see the theatre to your left if you drive along this street.

If you say that again, we’ll quarrel.

If he is more attentive, he’ll understand everything.

You will get lost if you follow his instructions.

If he buys her an engagement ring, she will accept his proposal.

The driver will pass by the stop if you forget to pull the buzzer.

If you deposit a token in a slot, you can gain entrance to the platform.

He will have to pay for any repairs or replacement parts if he buys an old used car.

Exercise 3. Match these parts, using unless instead of if not. Mind that unless means “except if, only if”

Example: I’ll be back tomorrow if there isn’t a strike.

I’ll be back tomorrow unless there’s a strike.

1. I’ll be back tomorrow a) if he doesn’t start working

2. He’ll get thrown out of school b) if I don’t phone to say I can’t come

3. I always watch TV in the evenings c) if you are not too tired

4. Let’s have dinner out d) if you don’t know the code

5. I’ll see you at ten e) if you haven’t heard it before

6. I’ll tell you a good joke f) if I don’t go out

7. Things will go on getting worse g) if there isn’t a strike.

8. We’re going to have a picnic h) if there isn’t a change of

government

9. You can have the last sausage i) if it doesn’t rain

10. You can’t open the door j) if the children don’t want it.

Exercise 4. Define which of these sentences can be rewritten with unless.

1. I’ll be surprised if he doesn’t have an accident soon.

2. It will be better if we don’t tell her anything.

3. You can have the car tonight if Harriet doesn’t need it.

4. I’ll tell you if I can’t come.

5. I’m going to dig the garden this afternoon if it doesn’t rain.

6. She’ll look nicer if she doesn’t wear so much make-up.

7. Emma will be upset if she doesn’t get the job.

8. If you can’t pay your bills, you’ll have to leave.

9. The doctor will be here if she isn’t called to an emergency.

Exercise 5. Make sentences with the same meaning using unless.

Example: I will go to the zoo if it isn’t cold.

I will go to the zoo unless it’s cold.

1. You can’t travel abroad if you don’t have a passport.

2. You can’t get a driver’s license if you’re not at least eighteen years old.

3. If I don’t get some film, I won’t be able to take pictures when Ann and Rob get here.

4. You’ll get hungry during the class if you don’t eat breakfast.

5. You won’t get there in time if you don’t hurry.

6. We can’t have a picnic if it isn’t a nice day.

7. The bus won’t stop if you don’t ring the bell.

8. Don’t bother to ring me if it isn’t important.

9. You can’t go to the reception if you haven’t got a ticket.

Exercise 6. Fill in the blanks with if or unless.

You'll never pass your driving test ... you don't work harder.

You won't pass your test ... you drive more carefully.

We won't go to the beach tomorrow ... it is raining.

We'll go to the beach tomorrow ... it is raining.

We will go to the beach tomorrow ... it isn't raining.

... we hurry, we'll miss the train.

... we don't hurry, we'll miss the train.

We'll catch the train ... we hurry.

... this team doesn't start winning soon, nobody will pay to watch them.

...they start working harder, they'll lose again.

You can't see the game ... you've got a ticket.

You can see the game ... you have a ticket.

You can't borrow this book ... you have returned the one you took last month.

She will come to see us next month ... she has problems with her work.

Exercise 7. Match these parts to make conditional sentences of Type I:

1. He won’t take the money … a) if you try and help me.

2. Nick will answer the phone … b) unless she goes on with her diet

3. They will understand it right … c) unless you have a ticket.

4. They won’t go to school … d) if he is at home.

5. He will post the letter … e) if I get this job

6. I won’t object … f) if you ask him.

7. Mary might get some cash … g) if it is too cold.

8. You’ll need a visa … h) if she is at home.

9. I’ll buy a new car … i) if you explain it to them.

10. We’re going to have a word j) unless you press it on him.

with Ted… k) if you are going to America

11. She’ll lose weight… l) if she goes to the bank.

12. You can’t get in …

Exercise 8. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the examples:

Example A: Do as I tell you and you’ll succeed.

If you do as I tell you, you’ll succeed.

If you don’t do as I tell you, you won’t succeed.

Unless you do as I tell you, you won’t succeed.

Start immediately and you’ll arrive by midday.

Leave your bike without chaining it and it will be stolen.

Be a strict disciplinarian and you’ll fail to get on with your kids.

Cross streets at corners and you’ll be safe.

Hurry up and we’ll manage to catch the train.

Give him a little encouragement and he’ll work really hard.

Just say you are sorry and we’ll forget the whole incident.

Send her some roses and she’ll forgive you.

Attend all your classes and you’ll keep pace with the curriculum.

Try to look natural and you’ll make a good impression on your prospective employer.

Example B: Get up at once, or else you’ll be late.

If you don’t get up at once, you’ll be late.

Unless you get at once, you’ll be late.

1. Put on a warm sweater, or else you’ll catch a cold.

2. Read the map carefully, or else you’ll get lost.

3. Answer the phone, or else he’ll take offence.

4. Take this job, or else you’ll have no more chance.

5. Put the book on the right place, or else we’ll fail to find it.

6. Come in time to the office, or else you’ll be fired.

7. Buy clothes at sales, or else you’ll have little money left.

8. Take a pill, or else you’ll be seasick.

9. Remember your wife’s birthday, or else she’ll be upset.

10. Put on some suntan oil, or else you'll get sun burnt.

11. Be firm with the children, or else they’ll misbehave.

Example C: Don’t tell any more lies, or we won’t believe you.

If you tell any more lies, we won’t believe you.

Don’t make spelling mistakes, or you won’t get good grades.

Don’t leave your car here, or you won’t see it any more.

Don’t give him this medicine, or he won’t sleep all night long.

Don’t stay up too long, or we won’t take you fishing at dawn.

Don’t fail to consult the schedule, or you won’t be able to meet them at the station.

Don’t irritate him, or he won’t permit you to take his car.

Don’t drive fast on an icy road, or you won’t reach your destination.

Don’t forget the key, or we won’t get into the house.

Examples D: If you fail to pay, they’ll cut off the electricity

Fail to pay and they’ll cut off the electricity.

If you don’t stop borrowing money, you’ll be in trouble

Stop borrowing money, or you’ll be in trouble.

If you ask me nicely, I’ll mend it for you.

If you crash my car, I’ll never forgive you.

If you work late tonight, I’ll pay you well.

If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.

If you don’t take a taxi, you’ll miss your train.

If you don’t stop shouting, I’ll slap you.

Example E: If I find a cheaper room, I’ll stay a fortnight.

But what’ll you do if you don’t find it?

1. If Jane meets us at the station, we’ll be all right.

2. If he pays me tonight, I’ll have enough money for the tickets.

3. If he gets a green card, he’ll be able to work in L.A.

4. If I pass this exam, I’ll go to the University next September.

5. If he agrees to let me go on working after marriage, I’ll marry him.

6. If we get a lift, we’ll be in time.

7. If the baby is a girl, we’ll call her Ann.

8. If he helps us, the job will only take half an hour.

Exercise 9. Complete the following sentences.

A. 1. He won't come in time if...

2. They will pass their tests if...

3. Your eyes will get tired if...

4. The tourists will lose their way if...

5. You'll catch a cold if...

6. The team will lose the game if...

В. 1. He'll forget to lock the door unless ...

2. He'll fail his exam unless ...

3. Ellen will gain weight unless ...

4. We'll have a party tomorrow unless ...

5. She won't accept our invitation unless ...

6. Mother won't notice anything unless ...

С. 1. If you don't get a job ...

2. If you read too much ...

3. If you aren't careful in the street...

4. If he forgets to warn them about the changes...

5. If I don't have enough time to pack my things…

6. If she phones too late ...

Exercise 10. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

A.

1. If he (eat) all that, he will be ill.

2. If I find your papers, I (telephone) you at once.

3. The police (arrest) him if they catch him.

4. If he (read) in bad light, he will ruin his eyes.

5. Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked.

6. What will happen if my parachute (not open)?

7. If he (wash) my car, I’ll give him $10.

8. Unless I have a quiet room, I (not be able) to do any work.

9. Tell him to ring me up if you (see) him.

10. If she (hear) about it, she will be absolutely furious.

11. If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to give it away?

12. We’ll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) any higher.

13. If the house (burn down), we can claim compensation.

14. Unless you are more careful, you (have) an accident.

15. If he (like) the house, will he buy it?

16. She won’t open the door unless she (know) who it is.

B.

The book is overdue. If you (not take) it back to the library tomorrow, you (have) to pay a fine. (or: Unless you (take) it back to the library tomorrow, you (have) to pay a fine.)

My dog never starts a fight. He (not growl) if the other dog (not growl) first. (or: He (not growl) unless the other dog (growl) first.)

I am a sleepyhead. I (wake) if I (not hear) the alarm clock ring. (or: I (wake) unless I (hear) the alarm clock ring.)

I (go) away unless you (want) me to stay.

Please don't sign any contracts unless they (be checked) by me.

He (get) a bad seat unless he (hurry).

He (pass) his exam unless he (read) more English books in the original.

He must be more careful, unless he (want) trouble!

They (pay) him unless he (finish) his work.

C.

1. The police will test the knife for fingerprints. If your fingers (be) on it, you (be charged) with murder.

2. If these chocolates (reach) you in a damaged condition, please return them to us and we (send) you another box.

3. If you (care) to see some of his drawings, I (send) them round to your office.

4. I work as a personnel manager for this company. If you (like) to inquire about vacancies, I (give) you a hand.

5. You knitted a very nice pullover for Kate. - Yes, if you (want) me to knit you one, I (do) it willingly.

6. He (understand) you if you (speak) slowly.

7. He (find) a good job if he (try) hard enough.

8. You (be attacked) by the dog if you (move).

9. If I (make) coffee, you (cut) the cake?

10. If he (hurry), he (get) a good seat.

11. Someone may get into the house if he (forget) to lock the doors.

12. What you (do) if you (fail) your test?

13. Where you (go) if you (be) free on Sunday?

14. They (pay) him if he (finish) his work.

15. If the children (come) home late, they (be punished).

Exercise 11. Translate into English.

1. Он не выполнит это задание, если оно будет слишком сложным. 2.Если Вы поможете мне, я переведу этот текст быстрее. 3. Завтра мы поедем за город, если только не будет дождя. 4. Если вы не будете больше заниматься, то вам будет трудно сдавать экзамены. 5. Что вы сделаете, если выиграете главный приз? 6. — Куда он поедет летом? — В Италию, если у него будет достаточно денег. 7. Если Вы возьмёте такси, то успеете его встретить. 8. Если нас не будет дома, когда вы позвоните, то перезвоните попозже. 9. He помогайте ему, если только он сам вас об этом не попросит. 10. Если вам не хватает денег, то придётся подождать с покупкой телевизора. 11. Если он не сможет ничего объяснить, его ждут большие неприятности. 12. Брайан купит новую машину, если не потратит деньги на что-нибудь другое. 13. Он не придет, если его жене не станет лучше. 14. Собака не залает, если ты не постучишь в дверь. 15. Я пошлю ему телеграмму, если он завтра не приедет. 16. Я загляну попозже, если будут какие-нибудь новости.