2. Explain the meanings of the following expressions from the text and make sentences with each of them.

Chief Justice; Associate Justice; federal court; district court; direct jurisdiction; lower court; to be unconstitutional.

3. Answer the questions.

1. What are the functions of the Supreme Court of the USA?

2. Who does the Supreme Court consist of?

3. How long do the Supreme Court Justices serve?

4. Are the Supreme Court Justices elected?

5. Who can change the decisions of the Supreme Court?

6. What lower courts, besides the Supreme Court, are there in the USA?

7. In what kinds of cases does the Supreme Court have direct jurisdiction?

8. What is the "power of judicial review"?

VI. Branches of Law

1. Read the text to understand what information is of primary importance or new for you: Law: what is it?

Law is a body of official rules and regulations. It is generally found in constitutions, legislation and judicial decisions. Law is used to govern a society and to control the behaviour of its members. The nature and functions of law have varied throughout history. In modern societies, some authorized body such as a legislature or a court makes the law. It is supported by the coercive power of the state, which enforces the law by means of appropriate penalties or remedies.

Formal legal rules and actions are usually distinguished from other means of social control and guides for behaviour such as morality, public opinion, and custom or tradition. Of course, a lawmaker may respond to public opinion or other pressures, and a formal law may prohibit what is morally unacceptable.

Law serves a variety of functions. Laws against crimes, for example, help to maintain a peaceful, orderly, relatively stable society. Courts contribute to social stability by resolving disputes in a civilized fashion. Property and contract laws facilitate business activities. Laws limit the powers of government and help to provide some degree of freedom that would not otherwise be possible. Law has also been used as a mechanism for social change; for instance, at various times laws have been passed to improve the quality of individual life in matters of health, education, and welfare.

Law is not completely made by humans; it also includes natural law. The best-known version of this view, that God's law is supreme, has had considerable influence in the United States and other Western societies. The civil rights movement, for example, was at least partially inspired by the belief in natural law. Such a belief seems implicit in the view that law should serve to promote human dignity, as for instance by the enforcement of equal rights for all. Muslim societies also embrace a kind of natural law, which is closely linked to the religion of Islam.

2. Match the following English words and expressions with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. judicial decision	а. з точки зору
2. remedy	b. наприклад
3. lawmaker	с. судове рішення
4. in a civilized fashion	d. примусове виконання
5. for instance	е. цивілізовано
6. coercive	f. примусовий
7. in the view	g. законотворець
8. enforcement	h. зaciб судового захисту