Test Yourself

1. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What was a market originally?

2. What is a modern market?

3. Among whom does competition take place?

4. What does competition influence?

5. What three things cause prices to fluctuate?

6. When is a market created?

7. What three means are mentioned by which buyers and sellers can communicate if they do not meet in person?

8. What price operates in a perfect market?

9. What does the ruling price indicate?

2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов:

человеческий труд, заработная плата, деятельность, средство обмена, излишки, расходы, оплата, инвестиции, элемент риска, арендная плата, накопления, предприятие, набор условий, свободный рынок, спрос и предложение, совершенный рынок, конкуренция.

3. Раскройте скобки, используя текст:

1. Human labour (производит и товары и услуги).

2. There are services which people (оказывают бесплатно).

3. Employers (получают чистую прибыль) only after they have paid all the expenses.

4. Such business (может провалиться).

5. In this way the past is used in order to (финансировать будущее).

6. The term “market” is a (логическое продолжение) from the idea of a place set aside for buying and selling.

7. Competition (имеет место) among sellers in order to (продать свой товар по наилучшей цене).

8. Such competition (влияет на цены).

9. It is not surprising that (значительное отклонение в цене) can take place over periods of weeks and months.

10. (Цена, управляющая на рынке) indicates the point where supply and demand meet.

4. Напишите русские эквиваленты к следующим глаголам:

to measure, to earn, to undertake, to receive, to emerge from, to render, to relate, to judge.

5. Найдите в тексте английский эквивалент следующих словосочетаний:

у хаживать за ребенком, начать свое дело, обеспечить первоначальный капитал, получать заработную плату, встречаться лицом к лицу, связываться по телефону, рисковать, управлять своим делом.

6. Укажите правильные и неправильные утверждения. Используйте: True/False.

1. The money standard used by economists is essentially an ethical standard.

2. Employees enjoy the surplus in industry that we usually call “profit”.

3. The future is often financed by the past.

4. Although the accumulation of capital is considered a strictly capitalistic activity, it also takes place in communistic economies.

5. The 4 types of monopoly are not possible in a perfect market.

7. Подчеркните слово, не соответствующее по значению слову в первой колонке:

acquire limit conform relate beneficial adopt protect purchase sacrifice accumulate common consumer

obtain depend trust associate profitable assume consider consumption forego promote agreeable individual

question restrict obey arrange useful establish defend use advocate save customary client

8. Подберите определение соответствующим экономическим терминам:

1. economics 2. employer 3. labour 4. capital 5. contract 6. profit 7. employee 8. share 9. assets 10. investment

...any legally binding agreement between two or more parties. ...using money to obtain income or profits. ...the social science that describes and analyzes how society chooses from among scarce resources to satisfy its wants. ...a person who works for another for money. ...all things owned by a person or business and having some money value. ...the human effort required to produce goods and service. ...a particular separate part into which the capital of a company is divided. ...a person or organization who regularly employs one or more persons to work for a money payment. ...something created to produce other goods and services. ...the difference between the price received for a product and the amounts paid as rewards to the factors of production.