Part III. Grammar supplement

The Active Voice

Indefinite

Continuous

Perfect

Perfect Continuous

Обычное, привычное, повторяющееся. (usually; always; every; as a rule.)

–V + S в 3 лице ед. числа

Длящееся в определённый момент времени.

(now; at 2 o’clock; at this moment.)

to be +V’ing

Законченное к определённому моменту времени.

(just; already; yet; this…; by.)

to have +3f.

Начатое но незаконченное

действие.

(for; since.)

to have been +V’ing

Present

I ask.

Do you ask?

He asks.

Does he ask?

I don’t ask.

He doesn’t ask.

I am asking.

He is asking.

Are you asking?

He is not asking.

I have asked.

He has asked.

Have you asked?

Has he asked?

I have not asked.

I have been asking.

He has been asking.

Have you been asking?

I have not been asking

Past

(yesterday; ago; last…; дата в прошлом)

I asked.

I brought.

Did I ask?

I didn’t ask.

I was asking.

I was bringing.

Was I asking?

I was not asking.

I had asked.

I had brought.

Had I asked?

I hadn’t asked.

I had been asking.

I had been bringing.

Had I been asking?

I had not been asking.

Future

(next…; tomorrow; in(через); дата в будущем )

I shall ask.

He will ask.

Will you ask?

I shan’t ask.

He won’t ask.

I shall be asking.

He will be asking.

Will he be asking?

I shan’t be asking.

I shall have asked.

He will have asked.

Will he have asked?

He won’t have asked.

I will have been asking.

Will you have been asking?

I will not have been asking.

Future-in-the-past

(He said…)

He would ask.

He would be asking.

He would have asked.

He would have been asking.

Если сказуемое состоит из нескольких частей то его изменяемая часть – Первая!

The Passive Voice

To be+ 3f.

Действие направленное на подлежащее. (сь, ся, ют, ет.)

Present

I am told.

The work is done.

I am being told.

The work is being done.

I have been told.

The work has been done.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Past

I was told.

The work was done.

I was being told.

The work was being done.

I had been told.

The work had been done.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Future

I shall be told.

The work will be done.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

I shall have been told.

The work will have been done.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

§2 Modal Verbs

can

may

must

Present

can

may

must

Past

could

might

----

Future

----

----

----

SUBSTITUTES

to be able to

to be allowed to

to have to, to be to

Present

I am able to

I am not able to

Are you able to … ?

I am allowed to…

I am not allowed to…

Are you allowed to…?

I have to…

I don't have to…

Do I have to…?

Past

I was able to

I was not able to …

Was I able to…?

I was allowed to …

I was not allowed to…

Was I allowed to…?

I had to …

I didn't have to…

Did I have to…?

Future

I will be able to…

I will not be able to

Will you be able to…?

I will be allowed to…

I will not be allowed to…

Will I be allowed to…?

I will have to…

I will not have to

Will I have to…?