- •Ing adjectives versus -ed adjectives
- •1. S is the object which the Hearer can identify because it is something of which there is only one in the world.
- •2. S is a particular object of class X which the Hearer can identify because it is the only one of the class present in the situation.
- •The next letter confirmed everything.
- •II. Verb.
II. Verb.
Tense Forms.
TASK 10.
Present Simple and Present Progressive vs. Present Perfect
Does the Russian language mark the difference between a) and b) in its grammatical forms?
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A. |
1. |
a) b) a) b) a) b) |
Burning oil produces carbon dioxide. Burning oil has produced carbon dioxide. The treatment clears the sinuses. The treatment has cleared the sinuses. She cooks the chicken the way I like it. She's cooked the chicken the way I like it.
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2. |
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3. |
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B. |
1. |
a) b) a) b) a) b) |
He reads the Guardian. He's reading the Guardian. She watches television with the cat on her lap. She's watching television with the cat on her lap. The plane carries 30 passengers. The plane is carrying 30 passengers.
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2. |
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3. |
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C. |
1. |
a) b) a) b) a) b) |
His family controlled the Times for more than a century. His family has controlled the Times for more than a century. Henry borrowed some of my records. Henry's borrowed some of my records. Did anyone call an ambulance? Has anyone called an ambulance? |
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2. |
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3. |
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D.
E. |
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3. |
a) b) a) b) a) b) a) b) a) b) a) b) |
They painted the outside of the house. They were painting the outside of the house. He read the contract carefully. He was reading the contract carefully. She wore an enormous hat. She was wearing an enormous hat. I'm not eating anything today. I haven't eaten anything today. They're building a new ring-road round the city. They've built a new ring-road round the city. She's making a good progress with her German. She's made a good progress with her German. |
TASK 11. Adverbials with Present Perfect.
Choose an appropriate Adverbial for each sentence.
already, before, lately, ever, still, yet, so far, until now, for ages, in my whole life
1. They … haven t paid me.
2. … I haven't really appreciated it.
3. Peterborough haven’t played their third round game … .
4. I haven't ridden a horse ... .
5. We haven't seen any good films ... .
6. I haven't met anyone so attractive … !
7. I've seen it all … !
8. The team has won three games … this season.
9. Have you taken your holiday ... ?
10. Have you ... met Professor Hawkins?
11 Have you … smoked a pipe?
12. Have you faced a class of children ... ?
TASK 12. Translate the sentences into English.
A.
1. Я тысячу лет не виделась с сестрой.
2. Давненько я не играл в карты.
3. Я не поливала цветы довольно давно.
4. Я знаю его долгие годы.
5. Он ходит в этот клуб в течение сорока лет (attend).
6. Она ни на одной машине не ездит больше года.
7. Он многие годы носит одну и ту же одежду.
8. Она служит компании верой и правдой (loyally and well) более тридцати лет.
9. Я варю овощи около часа. Может быть, хватит?
10. Они чинят мою машину уже целый месяц.
B.
1. Мы только что услышали эту новость.
2. Мне только что звонила Сара.
3. Я только что попробовала этот метод.
4. Мы недавно получили новую партию товара.
5. Я что-то не вижу Джорджа последнее время. А ты?
6. Он недавно нашёл работу бармена.
7. Мы только что позавтракали.
8. Не так давно они поставили сигнализацию. (fit a burglar alarm)
9. Я посмотрел несколько хороших фильмов за последнее время.
10. Я только что видела дорожное происшествие.
TASK 13. Translate the sentences into English, using ALREADY or YET.
A.
1. Они уже оплатили счёт?
2. Вы уже купили билет на самолёт?
3. Ты уже покормил кошку?
4. Ты уже закончил обедать?
5. Врач уже поставил диагноз? (diagnose it)
6. Он ещё не вышел из больницы? (leave)
7. Вы ещё не переехали?
8. Они ещё не оплатили счёт?
9. Он уже признал свою вину?
10. Ты ещё не уладил свои дела?
B.
1. Я уже виделась с ним. (Он приходил попросить молоток).
2. Я уже была у врача. (Теперь я на бюллетене).
3. Спасибо, я уже пил чай.
4. Мы уже посетили Тауэр. (Теперь мы хотели бы осмотреть Вестминстерское Аббатство).
5. (Секретарь опят звонит Джине). Она уже звонила ей дважды.
6. Я уже напечатала половину всех приглашений.
7. Я уже познакомилась с доктором Флетчером. (Как поживаете, доктор?)
8. Джон уже заказал номер в гостинице. (Через два дня выезжаем).
9. Рики уже съел все конфеты. (Ему точно будет плохо).
10. Памятник уже восстановили. (Он выглядит лучше прежнего).
TASK 14. Translate the sentences into English.
A.
1. У вас никогда не было пневмонии?
2. Вы никогда не сожалели об этом?
3. Ты никогда не играл в покер?
4. Тебе никогда не доводилось пробовать улиток?
5. Ты никогда не писала стихи?
6. Вы когда-нибудь переезжали (с квартиры на квартиру)?
7. Вы когда-нибудь ремонтировали квартиру сами?
8. Ты когда-нибудь находил деньги (на улице)?
9. Ты когда-нибудь говорили неправду?
10.Ты когда-нибудь отращивал бороду?
В.
1. Я никогда тебя не подводил (fail).
2. Я никогда ему не доверял.
3. Я никогда никого не обижал нарочно. (hurt)
4. Я еще никогда не играл в гольф.
5. Я никогда раньше не сталкивался с дискриминацией. (encounter)
6. Я никогда не посещала церковь,
7. Мне никогда не нравилась фантастика.
8. Я никогда не катался на лошади.
9. Никогда не слышал подобной чепухи!
10. Никогда еще не встречала такого интересного человека!
TASK 15. Past Simple vs Present Perfect.
Discuss the difference in meaning between A and B, in each pair of sentences.
A.
1. a) For generations, Nepal has produced the world's greatest soldiers.
b) For generations, Sparta produced Greece's greatest soldiers.
2. a) Has Neil Simon written many plays?
b) Did John Galsworthy write any plays?
3. a) England have lost 6 games and won 10 this season.
b) England lost 6 games and won 10 last season.
4. a) I haven't done anything special this weekend.
b) 1 didn't do anything special last weekend.
5. a) I haven't seen John today.
b) 1 didn't see John yesterday.
6. a) I haven't seen John today.
b) I didn't see John at school today.
7. a) Have you eaten your breakfast?
b) Did you eat your breakfast this morning?
8. a) Have you walked the dog?
b) Did you walk the dog this morning?
9. a) John has painted a picture of his sister.
b) John painted this picture.
10. a) He has chaired the University's economics department for 10 years now.
b) He chaired the University's economics department for 10 years.
TASK 16. Present Progressive.
Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. I'm skipping breakfast this morning.
2. You're ruining your health.
3. What are you having?
4. Are you being served?
5. What's eating you?
6. You're defending the wrong cause for the right reason.
7. I'm still feeling my way.
8. Tony's reading French at Warwick University.
9. You may take that book, but I'm keeping this one.
10.You're asking too much.
11. Are you seeing somebody else?
12. I'm leaving my job.
13. My books are collecting dust.
TASK 17. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Я на диете — я не ем бекон.
2. В этом сезоне Том не играет в футбол.
3. Полиция расследует это ограбление.
4. Та собака опять идёт за нами.
5. Зачем ты берёшь такси?
6. А кто сейчас с малышом?
7. Во сколько ты встречаешься с Анной?
8. Как ты думаешь, он говорит правду?
9. Предупреждаю тебя — будет холодно.
Task 18. Future: GOING TO vs WILL
Discuss the difference in meaning between A and B, in each pair of sentences.
a) We’re going to have fish for dinner.
b) All right, we’ll have fish for dinner.
2. a) I am going to catch the last train.
b) I’ll catch the last train with a little bit of luck.
3. a) I’m going to kill you.
b) I’ll kill you!
4. a) I’m going to light a candle.
b) Don’t worry, I’ll light the candle.
5. a) I’m going to empty the rubbish.
b) I’ll just empty the rubbish.
6. a) I’m going to mind the kids tomorrow.
b) I’ll mind the kids.
7. a) I’m going to fix it.
b) Leave it to me, I’ll fix it.
8. a) I’m going to make some sandwiches.
b) I’ll go ad make some sandwiches.
9. a) I’m going to contact him by phone.
b) I’ll contact him by phone then.
10. a) I’m going to pay the waiter.
b) I’ll pay the waiter.
Modals and semi-modals.
Task 19. HAVE (GOT) TO
Entitle A, B and C as Opinions, Rules, or The Way Things Are. Think of your own title for D.
A.
1. All road vehicles have to pass a special safety test.
2. All students have to take an oral exam.
3. Parties have to obtain police permission to hold any meetings.
4. One has to declare everything in one's tax return.
5. You have to have a passport to visit most foreign countries.
B.
1. In life you have to discover your strong points, recognize your weaknesses, decide what you want, aim for it and try not to regret things afterwards.
2. You have to lose a battle so that you can eventually win the war.
3. You have to do some things for yourself in this world, you know!
4. You cannot make peace with dictators, you have to destroy them.
5. Playing chess is something you have to learn how to do.
C.
1. An only child never has to share his or her belongings.
2. On average a girl has to get higher marks than a boy to secure a place.
3. During an epidemic farmers have to destroy entire herds of cattle.
4. Scientists have to employ a wide range of methods.
5. The players often have to run the length of the field.
D.
1. Say what you have to say in the morning.
2. Oh I see, yes, you have to wait a few minutes.
3. Yon have to drink lots of it — "lots and lots, no tiny tots", as they say.
4. You have to meet all her old contacts; you have to enter the life she had.
5. You have to hear all the pros and cons of this complex issue.
Task 20. Entitle each section with one of the modal expressions below.
Мне надо/нужно/необходимо...
Я вынужден...
Мне приходится...
Я должен (это мой долг)...
Я должен (это моя обязанность)...
А.
1. I have to brush my hair.
2. I have to change the bedding.
3. I have to make a phone call.
4. I have to catch the ten forty-five.
5. I have to see him about something.
B.
1. I have to phone them every other day.
2. I have to bath him two or three times a week.
3. I have to use my brother's bike,
4. I have to do the same job every day.
5. I have to travel miles to work.
C.
1. I have to abandon the climb.
2. I have to cancel my holiday.
3. I have to repeat the exam.
4. I have to seek support from charities.
5. I have to leave the safety of my room.
D.
1. And then, in the last year I have to write a degree paper.
2. I have to type all sorts of letters.
3. I have to maintain the temperature at a very high level.
4. I have to see my evening patients.
5. I have to wine and dine important clients.
E.
1. I have to contact the police.
2. I have to help a friend.
3. I have to save my father's life.
4. I have to consider other people.
5. I have to help them re-affirm their confidence.
Task 21. Translate the sentences into English on the model.
Model:
All you have to do is send your first ten pounds.
1. Вам надо только позвонить нам по номеру 77-49-50.
2. Вы должны лишь заполнить заявление. (complete application form)
3. Вам нужно только выбрать цвет.
4. Вам просто надо нажать на кнопку «Старт». (press "Start")
5. Нужно/ Необходимо лишь paзpeзать его.
6. Ничего не делай — только следуй за мной.
7. Ты просто приди и забери пакет.
8. Вам надо сделать одно — собрать вместе (все) детали. (assemble components)
9. Тебе ничего не надо делать — только принять сообщение (take message)
10. Вам ничего не придётся делать, кроме как заплатить пошлину. (pay duty)
Task 22. SHOULD.
SHOULD does not always mean Advisability; sometimes it points to a Natural Course of Events. Translate the sentences in A and В into Russian. Which of them can and which cannot be translated with СЛЕДУЕТ for SHOULD?
A.
1. Someone should call an ambulance.
2. I think you should see a lawyer.
3. You should get a discount because you're buying a council house.
4. In the afternoon they should have one more lecture.
5. They should contact the police.
6. Perhaps we should do a little bit of matchmaking.
7. This year we should receive a total revenue of Ј10 m
8. Maybe I should admit my mistake.
9. 1 should get a phone call later this morning.
10.The party should publicly declare its opposition to the plan.
B.
1. My room should be redecorated by now.
2. My letter should reach them in 2 days.
3. My watch should tell the time accurately.
4. These pills should kill the pain soon.
5. These things should never be revealed.
6. This tank should hold at least 6 gallons.
7. This colour should suit your complexion.
8. Size 16 should fit you perfectly.
9. The sauce should be stirred constantly.
10. Gas appliances should be serviced regularly.
MUST and other modals of obligation.
Task 23. Divide the sentences into two groups: in some of them MUST means Certainty based on Logical Deduction; in the others – Obligation.
The receptionist must have a complete knowledge of the hotel.
Mary must have some problem: she keeps crying.
You must remember him well.
You must forget her and find another woman.
The rest you must know.
You must have air.
Please, you must have an envelope somewhere.
She must be enjoying her holiday now.
Well, you must lose some weight then.
But you must have a very special reason.
Task 24. BE TO
Mark the sentences as A (Planned and Scheduled Events) or В (Notices and Instructions).
1. The exit is not to be used by general public.
2. The Queen is to visit Japan next year.
3. The band Disraeli Gears are to make an appearance on Radio One this week.
4. The form is to be returned in three weeks.
5. These tablets are to be taken 4 times a day before meals.
6. Аftеr dinner they are to attend a piano recital.
7. The concert is to mark the 75th Anniversary year of the composer's death.
8. Three people are to sue health authorities after contracting the HIV virus in local hospitals.
9. You are to use the stairs in case of fire, you are not to use the elevator.
10. A new series of trendy Toby jugs are to be launched in time for Christmas.
11. I was soon to leave home for the first time.
12. You are to do your homework before you watch TV.
13. The plan has so angered local people that town councilors are to fight the proposal.
14. One is not to use confidential information for these purposes.
15. Tell her she is to make written notes on the subject.
Task 25. "NEEDN'T or MUSTN'T?"
A. Translate the sentences into English using either of the Modals above.
B. Encircle the sentences which allow the affirmative version (МЫ ДОЛЖНЫ...)
1. пропускать собрание
2. присутствовать на собрании
3. его убеждать
4. ему доверять
5. предупреждать его
6. просить у него разрешения
7. тратить все деньги
8. отвечать на все вопросы
9. включать музыку после 11
МЫ НЕ ДОЛЖНЫ 10. возвращать книгу до понедельника
11. платить за вход
12. парковать здесь машину
13. выходить из аудитории до конца экзамена
14.заказывать билет заранее
15. носить форму постоянно
16. ничего трогать
17. ничего бояться
18. оставлять за собой грязную посуду
19. вытирать посуду
20. есть в течение 2-х часов
Degree of certainty: MAY, MIGHT, COULD, SHOULD, MUST and WILL
Task 26. Translate the sentences expressing Probability into Russian.
1. You will have paid a lot of money for this painting.
2. You will have already guessed the identity of her lover.
3. Mary ought to have received my letter by now. I posted it three days ago.
4. They should have heard the news by now.
5. You must have noticed our grass at the front on your way in.
6. The manager must have been preparing the plan for months.
7. My bicycle must have been stolen.
8. I don't think he can have heard you. Call again.
9. He couldn't have foreseen such terrible days.
10. McLean must have had a good library and Mac Alpine cannot have compiled his Gaelic dictionary without one.
11. You can't have forgotten me!
12. Mrs Mariner can't have received your gift yet. It takes two days tor the post to arrive.
Task 27. Translate the sentences into English expressing Opinion based on Logical Deduction.
1. Наверное, я набрал неправильный номер.
2. Мы, наверное, пошли не по той дороге.
3. Вы, должно быть, прочли наши мысли.
4. Тебе это, наверно, привиделось.
5. Они, должно быть, точно знали, каким будет результат.
6. Подсознательно он, скорее всего, ожидал чего-то в этом роде.
7. Она, наверняка, получила от всего этого массу удовольствия.
8. Я, по-видимому, пропустил эту подробность.
9. Явно это ты сказал; очень похоже не тебя.
10. Думаю, ты провёл там немало времени.
11 Я, наверно, что-то уронил.
12.Вы, должно быть, давно собираете антикварные вещи.
TASK 28. COULD
Could is used in these sentences in two different meanings: Past Ability/Inability and Tentative Probability in the Present/Future. Mark the sentences accordingly.
He was so tall, he could touch the ceiling.
We found a hotel where we could spend the night.
A victory next Sunday could provide such an opportunity.
I could move that wardrobe if you helped me.
Use the machine carefully. Otherwise you could damage it.
I could rarely escape him, he wouldn’t let me alone.
I could never run a marathon now. I’m shattered.
Sorry, I couldn’t make it. I was too busy.
He was so drunk that he couldn’t find the front door.
I don’t know how she works fourteen hours a day. I couldn’t do it.
We couldn’t work the machine in spite of all the instructions.
I saw she couldn’t quite place me.
I could get a new job soon.
I could manage another holiday, I’m so tired.
I couldn’t manage a two-week holiday this year, only one.
TASK 29. ВОЗМОЖНО vs. МОГ, НО НЕ…
Read the sentences carefully and answer the question: Does the Speaker know what happened in reality?
1. I could have annoyed Aunt Mary.
2. I could have chosen Oxford.
3. An electrical fault could have caused the fire.
4. The electrical fault could have caused a fire.
5. Someone could have hit him and then he fell and hit himself on the fender or the bedpost.
6. You could have hurt me. The ball brushed my temple.
7. She could have missed the train.
8. She could have found a more civilized occupation.
9. Just for a second he could have believed her. ]
10. Just for once he could have believed her.
11. Either could have done the job.
TASK 30. Modals for attitudes.
Translate each sentence into Russian, then make your own on the analogy.
1. May she never regret this decision!
2. Can he be working?
3. You must have had quite a talk!
4. You should have seen his face!
5. Where can she have put the matches?
6. I could have killed her!
7. You're going to have to repeat the exam.
8. Could you meet me for lunch?
9. Anybody could have said that.
10. No intelligent person could do such a stupid thing.
11. How could you have done such a thing?
12. I fear I may have to disappoint you.
13. You should see the state of the bedroom!
14. Hit me if you have to!
15. We all have to have food.
THE PASSIVE
TASK 31. Use the Passive of the Verb CLEAN. Translate the sentences.
1. Somebody cleans the room every day.
2. Somebody cleaned the room yesterday.
3. Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment,
4. Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived.
5. The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned it.
6. The room looked much better. Somebody had cleaned it.
7. Somebody will clean the room tomorrow.
8. Somebody will be cleaning the room from 7 to 8.
9. Somebody is going to clean the room tomorrow.
10. Somebody will have cleaned the room by 8 o'clock.
TASK 32. Translate the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the Passive.
1. Вчера вечером показали первую серию. (broadcast)
2. Предсказывают хорошую тёплую погоду на завтра. (forecast)
3. Картину повесили слишком высоко. (hang)
4. Ребекку Смит повесили в 1849 году. (hang)
5. Коврик был соткан моей бабушкой. (weave)
6. Шарф был связан за один день. (knit)
7. В среднем подковывают восемь лошадей в день. (shoe)
8. Сейчас укладывают водопроводные трубы и электрические кабели. (lay)
9. Корабль подняли со дна моря. (raise)
10. Коридор освещался маленькой, тусклой лампочкой, (light)
11. Не пролилось ни капли. (spill)
12. Газон давно следовало постричь. (mow)
13. Озимая пшеница уже посеяна. (sow)
14. Их одежда была сшита из шкур. (sew)
15. Ствол распилили надвое. (saw)
16. Купол поддерживался четырьмя колоннами. (bear)
TASK 33. Translate the sentences into Russian to see the means by which the Passive meaning is conveyed in this language.
1. The sports meeting was cancelled.
2. My proposal was not carried.
3. An important discovery has been made.
4. The message has been sent.
5. Are you being served?
6. Mr Kelly's office is being redecorated.
7. The telephone has been disconnected.
8. The baby was being dressed.
9. Their every action and expression is recorded.
10. Most vegetables and fruit are further processed.
11 .The shipment will be delayed.
12. The evidence was fabricated.
13. I've been sacked.
14. The vase got broken. Mum.
TASK 34. The sentences in different sections of this exercise show how the Russian language represents English Passive forms. Translate them into English.
A.
1. Британское правительство возглавляет премьер-министр.
2. Это стихотворение написал Китc.
3. Меня шокировало его поведение.
4. Нас преследует вон та красная машина.
5. Насилие спровоцировала полиция.
B.
1. Ассамблея состоится в следующем году.
2. После каникул политические схватки возобновились.
3. В настоящее время план пересматривается.
4. Новые акции выпускаться не будут.
5. Собрания на заводе всегда поощрялись.
C.
1. Резолюция не прошла.
2. Несколько человек получили увечья.
3. Оба автомобиля получили повреждения.
4. Проект не получил одобрения.
5. В доме идёт ремонт.
D.
1. Она ждала меня; комната была приготовлена.
2. Очевидно, номер не был заказан заранее.
3. Фильм был запрещён.
4. С сожалением сообщаем, что рейс будет задержан.
5. Возможность упущена.
6. Задержка вызвана плохими погодными условиями.
7. Закон принят во втором чтении.
8. Часть арестованных демонстрантов уже выпущена.
9. Боюсь, моё предложение будет отвергнуто.
10.Что будет сделано для этих людей?
Е.
1. Его везде тепло принимают.
2. Меня приняли в Открытый Университет.
3. Молоко доставляют ежедневно.
4. Этот звук часто произносят неправильно.
5. Малыша сейчас будут купать.
6. Помолвку объявят в понедельник.
7. Цену на бензин опять повысили.
8. Немедленно вызвали скорую помощь.
9. Учеников, не выполнивших задание, наказали.
10.Реформам чинили препятствия.
TASK 35. Translate the sentences into Russian. Analyze the contexts in which HAVE SOMETHING DONE is used.
1. We couldn't possibly have tackled this job ourselves, so we had it done by a local firm.
2. I went to the bank to have a check cashed.
3. She went to a doctor to have a wart removed from her chin.
4. Alice stopped at the service station to get the tank filled.
5. People still bring their shoes to his shop to have them mended.
6. The shop will have the machine installed for you.
7. We’ve had these photographs taken by a professional.
8. The girl shows such talent for swimming that her father is having her trained by professionals.
9. I’ve just paid to have the TV fixed.
10. He’s had his little Fiat overhauled three times.
11. The engine in Tom’s car couldn’t be repaired, so he had to have a new one fitted.
12. You should have your will changed.
TASK 36. Translate the sentences into English in the Active and Passive.
1. a) Библиотекарь ведёт (run) курсы информатики.
b) Курсы информатики ведет библиотекарь.
2. a) Проф. Браун проверяет (mark) тесты по английской литературе.
b) Тесты по английской литературе проверяет проф. Браун.
3. а) Моя мать спасла (rescue) и реставрировала картину.
b) Картину спасла и отреставрировала моя мать.
4. а) Хулиганы сломали (wreck) большинство уличных телефонов в округе.
b) Большинство телефонов в округе сломали хулиганы.
5. а) Солдаты разбили (smash) ей фотокамеру.
b) Фотокамеру ей разбили солдаты.
6. а) Какой-то журналист сфабриковал (manufacture) эту новость.
b) Эту новость сфабриковал какой-то журналист.
7. а) Бунтовщики отключили (sabotage) водопроводную линию.
b) Водопроводная линия была отключена бунтовщиками.
8. а) В прошлом году личинки испортили (spoil) часть моих яблок.
b) В прошлом году часть моих яблок испортили личинки.
9. а) Транснациональные компании уничтожают (destroy) oгромные плошади лесов ради быстрой наживы.
b) Огромные лесные площади уничтожают транснациональные компании ради быстрой наживы.
10. a) Телохранители подавали еду.
b) Еду подавали телохранители.
TASK 37. Translate the sentences into Russian giving special attention to the Verbs in the Passive.
A. I. Many towns in Central Italy were ruined by the earthquake.
2. Whole villages were obliterated by fire.
3. The island was devastated by a hurricane.
4. The power station was wrecked by a gas explosion.
5. Dozens of trees were destroyed by the storm.
B. 1. The environment was further degraded by toxic waste from a nearby chemical plant..
2. The rivers have been polluted by sewage.
3. Miles of beaches have been soiled by the oil spill.
4. The land has been completely poisoned by chemicals.
5. Beautiful scenery has been disfigured by ugly advertising signs.
С. 1. The floor of the little boat was rotted by sea water.
2. The metal structure has been corroded by moisture.
3. The cabinet doors were warped by the heat.
4. The curtains were discoloured by the sun rays.
TASK 38. "TO BE RE....ED" Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. The whole of the city centre has been redeveloped.
2. The church was carefully restored after the war.
3. The ruined abbey was eventually reconstructed.
4. The pier was soon rebuilt.
5. The city's museum was being refurbished.
6. Their apartment is being renovated.
7. The building has been much altered and remodelled.
8. The lounge had been redecorated since his last visit.
9. The furniture has been rearranged.
10. This cooker is new, but the others have just been reconditioned.
11. The older ships were refitted and rearmed.
12. The manuscript is to he revised.
13. Their theories are continually being refined.
14. The battery has just been recharged.
15. Your azalea should be repotted.
16. The Cabinet was reshuffled at once.
17. The meeting will have to be rescheduled.
18. Fossil fuels cannot be recycled.
19. The article was reprinted and used for propaganda.
20. The opportunity could not be recreated.
TASK 39. Complete each sentence with one of the Past Participles below. Translate them into Russian.
disallowed, disbanded, discovered, discredited, dismissed, disorganized, dispelled, disregarded, disrupted, dissipated, distracted, disturbed
1. Everyone's attention was easily ...
2. The lesson was once again ...
3. My whole morning schedule was ...
4. The notice about walking on the grass was ...
5. His air of dignified calm was seldom ...
6. Unfortunately, the beautiful legend was ...
7. All such doubts were now ...
8. Metal and other objects were ...
9 After 20 years, the organization was ...
10. The problems can no longer be ...
11. By the lime he was 30, his fortune had been ...
12. The appeals to the electoral court were ...
TASK 40. "TO BE MIS....ED" Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. The newspaper was misinformed.
2. People have been misled by the advertisement.
3. My work is misinterpreted a great deal.
4. His views were misrepresented in the pamphlet.
5. Like all satire, it can be misunderstood.
6. This word is often mispronounced.
7. The name, she noticed, was misspelt.
8. The term seemed to be misapplied.
9. In some cases, pesticides are deliberately misused.
10. No animal has ever been mistreated in this circus.
SVOdCo
TASK 1
-
Represent the struc-
1.
He found George a seat. SVOiOd
tures in symbols
2.
He found George a bore.
(some allow two in-
3.
He found Mary an entertaining partner.
terpretations). The
4.
She called him a liar.
first has been done
5.
She called him a steward.
for you.
6.
Bill left the office a mess.
7.
Bill left the office a different person.
8.
He got her a splendid present.
9.
She got her shoes wet.
10.
He pulled the door open.
11.
He opened the door wide.
TASK 2
Categorise the sentences as type А, В, С or D.
A. I feel it my duty. => I feel (that) it is my duty,
B. She brushed the coat clean. => She brushed the coat, so it was clean.
C. He left the office a mess. => When he left the office it was a mess.
D. I always drink tea hot. => I always drink tea while it is hot.
We painted the walls white.
I think it a wonderful opportunity.
Serve the dish hot from the oven.
Some generals considered the attack a mistake.
The car looks shabby but I bought it new.
I wiped the bottle dry.
Bill returned the towels clean.
I'll prove you wrong.
They believed him innocent.
They discovered him dead in his room.
They brought coffee hot in a small coffee pot.
She has grown her hair long.
The Court declared the party illegal.
I left her calm.
15. They have drained the swamps dry.
TASK 3.
The Verbs taking a Complement to the Direct Object are divided here into semantic groups.
Can you account for this division?
A
He spells his name S-A-V-I-L-E.
In 'chemical' the 'ch' is pronounced [к].
B
I name the ship 'Ark Royal'.
They decided to christen their son Christopher.
My children called him Uncle Frankie.
C
Why should we elect him Mayor?
We appointed her treasurer.
Cedric the Saxon was crowned King of the Angles.
D
The jury declared him guilty.
They proclaimed it a masterpiece.
Keating sampled the wine and pronounced it drinkable.
She called me a coward.
E
The jury found him not guilty.
Joanna was diagnosed pregnant.
The evidence proved him innocent.
F
The music makes me sleepy.
You'll get your feet wet.
Iron turns water brown.
The accident left him totally blind.
G
Would you hold the door open for me, please?
That flask will keep the tea piping hot.
Who left the gates open?
H
He wants the door open.
I'd like my steak well-done.
I like my weekends quiet.
He preferred his coffee black.
You're lucky, I need you alive.
I
She wiped the dishes dry.
I washed the windows clean.
She cut her hair short.
She grew her nail long.
They painted the door red.
TASK 4
Find English equivalents to these collocations.
сделать кого-то несчастным
найти кого-то спящим
помнить кого-то молодым
представить себе кого-то старым
признать кого-то невиновным
считать кого-то безнадёжным
оставить что-то открытым
обнаружить что-то пустым
вернуть что-то чистым
сохранять что-то горячим / свежим
держать что-то закрытым
подавать что-то горячим
есть что-то сырым
купить что-то подержанным
сделать что-то (не-)возможным
поставить кого-то в известность
оставить кого-то в покое
избить кого-то до потери сознания
передать что-то в прямом эфире
оставить что-то в беспорядке
обнаружить что-то в развалинах
содержать что-то в чистоте
выкрасить что-то в яркий цвет
есть что-то в сыром виде
пить кофе с молоком
подавать / любить бифштекс с кровью
TASK 5
Can you think of Russian correspondences to these idioms?
Oh, leave me alone!
Don't get me wrong.
Please, don't think me rude, ...
Well, to cut a long story short...
He warned me to keep my mouth shut about his visit.
They will bleed you white.
Everyone is trying to strip everyone else bare.
She'll skin me alive!
The insult left him speechless.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
TASK 6.
Complete the table as shown in the example.
-
Verb
Complement
Complement
= Adjective
= Noun
appoint sb
—
their Editor of News
The BBC appointed him their Editor of News.
The boys elected him captain of the team.
He was named full professor in 1941.
I now pronounce you man and wife.
They pronounced the treaty null and void.
Two furious motorists held the man prisoner in his own car.
They cannot hold you responsible for injury or damage.
His in-laws have simply made him their servant.
You make me very angry.
President Nixon called his opponent a traitor.
11. She called him fat. 12. I consider it a shame.
We consider it strange.
Hamburg was declared an open city.
Lady Shawcross declared the hotel open.
We would like to make the world a better place.
The Icelanders are making their island green again.
He proclaimed it a masterpiece.
Do you think me an utter fool?
His wife thought him intelligent and well educated.
I found my radio broken.
He found the house a ruin.
Keep your mouth shut about my visit.
You must keep it a secret.
The flood left them homeless.
The shock and strain of the accident left her a nervous wreck.
Germans paint their houses white.
She painted the door a bright colour.
29. Most English people drink their tea white. 30.1 eat most vegetables raw.
We got our tools ready.
People like their councils small and local.