- •1. The sentence. The structural classification. The simple sentence.
- •2.Communicative types of sentences
- •5. The subject. Ways of expressing the subject.
- •3.Modality. Oblique moods in simple sentences.
- •6. The subjects “It” and “There”.
- •8. The category of number. Irregular plurals.
- •7. The noun. Semantic classification.
- •9. Singular and plural invariable nouns.
- •13. The use of the definite article with countable nouns.
- •10. Agreement with the simple subject. Pronouns as subjects.
- •11. Agreement of the predicate with phrasal and homogeneous subjects.
- •14. The use of articles with material nouns.
- •12. The case of noun. The use of the genitive case.
- •15. The use of articles with abstract nouns .
- •16. The use of articles with names of persons.
- •17. The use of articles with place names.
- •18. The use of article with nouns in some sintactic functions.
- •21. Verb complementation. Intransitive & monotr. Verbs.
- •23. Verb complementation. Ditransitive and copular verbs
- •24. The Object.
- •26. ADverbials
- •25. Predicative complexes that function as objects only
- •28. Predicative complexes that function as adverb only
- •29. Predicative complexes which can be any part of the sentence
- •30. The compound sentence (сложносочин.).
- •31. Complex sentences with nominal clauses.
- •32. Complex sentences with attributive clauses.
- •33. Oblique moods in nominal clauses.
- •34. Complex sentences with adverbial clauses
- •35. Oblique moods in adverbial clauses.
- •36. Subjunctive II
- •37.The conditional mood
- •38. Subjunctive I & the suppositional mood
- •39. Word order. Invertion. Emphasis.
16. The use of articles with names of persons.
1. Normally, a personal name, being the name of someone imagined as unique, needs no determiner.
Family relations with unique reference (Mother, Father, Uncle, Aunt…) behave like proper nouns.
Personal names preceded by nouns denoting titles, ranks or family relations take no article: Lord Byron, Professor Higgins, Dr. Watson, President Lincoln, Colonel Brown, Aunt Polly.
If the premodifying noun denotes a job, nationality or belief, it may be used with the definite article or no article (espe¬cially in American English): .
2. The definite articles is used: • With a family name in the plural denoting the whole family to mean 'that very', job+noun, limiting modifier This Pat wasn't at all like the Pat of his memories.. , permanent quality At that moment they were interrupted by the gentle
Note that no article is used when names of persons are modified by the following adjectives: little, old, young, dear, poor, honest:
3. The indefinite article is used: To indicate that one member of the family is meant To indicate a certain (некий) person, normally unknown to the hearer. • With a proper name modified by an adjective denoting a new or temporary quality I saw an infuriated Jenifer, who started shouting at me the moment I opened the door.
17. The use of articles with place names.
ARTICLES WITH THE NOUNS SCHOOL, COLLEGE, PRISON, JAIL, CHURCH, HOSPITAL
These nouns are used without any article when the general idea of these places is meant, i.e. the purpose they are used for.
GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 1. Names of continents, countries, states, cities, and towns are normally used without articles. (North) America (modern) France (South) Africa (Central) Australia (ancient) Rome (Medieval) Europe.
2. Some names of countries, provinces and cities are traditionally used with the definite article: the Netherlands
3. The indefinite article is found when a geographical name is modified by a descriptive attribute bringing out a certain aspect: You haven't come to a very cheerful England.
4. Names of oceans, seas, rivers and lakes usually take the definite article: the Atlantic (Ocean), the Mediterranean Sea. No article is used when names of lakes, bays, beaches (Lake Baikal)
5. Names of deserts are generally used with the definite article: the Sahara,.
6. Names of mountain chains and group of islands are used with the definite article: the Alps,
7. Names of mountain peaks and separate islands are used without articles: Everest, Mont Blanc.
8. Names of streets roads and squared are generally used without articles: Oxford Street, Piccadilly Circus
Names of some streets are traditionally used with the definite article: the Strand, the High Street,
9. Names of theatres, museums, picture galleries, concert halls, cinemas, clubs and hotels - the definite article: the Bolshoi Theatre, the British Museum, the Albert Hall,
10. no article with names of airports and railway stations: London Airport, Moscow Airport.