2.2. The reasons of electrotraumatism in private life

In modern apartments there is a plenty of various electrodevices: fixtures, electroheaters, washing machines, irons, radio and other equipment. In apartments there is the most various voltage: from an industrial network up to a high voltage in TVs.

Last years the number injured by an electric current in a life has increased. The children's electrotraumatism in domestic conditions has appeared, and in is high - 16,3 % of all traumas in a life. The electrotraumatism of children of school age makes 8,9 %, preschool - 7,4 %.

The children's electrotraumas which were having place at use of extension pieces are totaled many. These electrotraumas become typical. In overwhelming majority of cases the second pole of a contact are the radiator of a heat supply and a water pipe.

Fatal cases of defeat are registered by an electric current at using self-made electroheating devices. It is a lot of cases of a traumatism from irons. Check of isolation of some the irons which are taking place in operation of 2-3 years, has shown, that in comparison with the factory data for this term its quality has decreased on 40-50 %. Especially guards in these electrotraumas that, using an iron, is possible to touch the metal parts of the it which have appeared above damaged isolation.

The zone on a body of the person between big and a middle finger is most sensitive to influence of a current. It is necessary to note, that at using irons of a foreign design of similar electrotraumas it is not registered.

It is a lot of cases of defeat, including children, occurs at application instead of a standard plug plug of naked wires. Children's defeats concern to this group of defeats also. Principal causes: application in room electric systems of the equipment with defective isolation, absence of the control over a status of an electric equipment, insufficient acquaintance to possible dangers of defeat by an electric current.

2.3. First aid during lesion by electric current

In case of accidents, called by defeats by an electric current, it is necessary to release a current injured of action and to render him the first (pre-medical) help.

As the outcome of defeat depends on duration of influence of a current on the person the fastest clearing of a current injured of action is a paramount problem. For this purpose with the help of the switch, a knife switch or other switching off device it is necessary to disconnect quickly that part of electroinstallation which the victim concerns. At impossibility of fast disconnect of electroinstallation it is necessary to separate injured from current carrying parts which he concerns.

In electroinstallations by a voltage up to 400 В the victim it is possible to delay from a current carrying part, having undertaken for its clothes if she dry and lags behind its body. Using a dry stick or a board it is possible to cast away a wire from the victim. It is possible to isolate hands, dress dielectric gloves or having wound their dry fabric . In some cases it is possible to have a snack wires the tool with isolated handles or to chop their axe with the wooden handle.

In installations by a voltage more than 400 B branch of the victim it is necessary to carry out a bar, preliminary dress dielectric gloves and bots.

Measures of the first pre-medical aid injured from an electric current depend on its status after its clearing of a current.

If the victim in consciousness, but before is able to a faint or was in a unconsciousness, but with the saved steady breath and pulse he should be laid conveniently on a laying, to unbutton clothes and a belt, to provide inflow of fresh air and full rest before arrival of the doctor which should be called immediately. It is impossible to allow injured to move and furthermore to continue job even if he feels well and has no seen damages as negative influence of an electric current on the person can have an effect not at once, and after a while - in some minutes, hours and even days.

If the victim breathes badly: seldom, convulsively, as though with crying - or if breath of the victim gradually worsens while heart continues to work normally, it is necessary to do artificial breath.

At absence of attributes of a life i.e. when the victim does not have breath, palpitation and pulse, and painful irritations do not cause any reactions, pupils of eyes are expanded and do not react to light, it is necessary to count the victim in a status of clinical death. It is necessary to start his revival, i.e. artificial breath and massage of heart by which it is necessary to do before arrival of the doctor immediately.

Many cases of revival of people struck with a current after 3-4 hours (on occassion - after 10 hours) with the help correctly carried out artificial breath and massage of heart are known.

Artificial breath and external massage of heart should be made before renewal of steady independent breath and the beginning of job of heart. Restoration of activity of heart of the victim specifies occurrence in him of regular pulse. For check of pulse interrupt massage for 2-3 seconds. After occurrence of attributes of revival artificial breath and external massage of heart should be continued during 5-10 mines.