9.2 What do the italicized words mean? Explain them in the most detailed manner

9.3 Discuss the information from the extract with your partner.

Essential grammar (See Essential Grammar Appendix)

GERUND

11. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the forms and functions of the gerund

1. We know of his having spent more than 10 years of scientific thinking before

finally formulating the ideas on paper.

2. We have heard of his having been suggested to put down his ideas on paper,

which he did.

3. The aim of his experimenting is increasing the speed of calculations.

4. We know of this electrical engineer’s having designed a new type of a digital

computer.

5. Having proved the validity of his theory, he went on working at it.

6. Original scientific thinking is very important for every researcher.

7. Without proper understanding the major laws of economics it is difficult for

the students to take part in the research.

8. On receiving wrong results one must repeat the experiment.

9. By repeating experiments one gets more data that helps arriving at right

conclusions.

12. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the gerund phrases

1. Before launching a new product you should find the market for it.

2. When starting or expanding a business we must keep in mind our funding

sources.

3. By evaluating and establishing the procedures necessary to run your business

from day to day, you can run a successful business.

4. The position of the company depends on setting the goals and objectives.

5. While developing your business plan you’ll increase your understanding of

the forces that have an impact on your business.

_________________________________________________Lesson 13. What language to use for conveyimg success

6. We knew nothing of his having undertaken market research in new field.

13. Translate the following words and phrases

13.1 into English (using the gerund).

изучение, тренировка, получение, увеличение, уменьшение, овладение,

написание, основание, нахождение, создание

13.2 into Russian.

writing-table, computing machine, drawing-table, measuring devices, building

materials, dining-room, reading-room, looking-glass, adding machine.

The Participle Constructions (Essential Grammar Appendix p.p 252-255)

14. Translate the following sentences

1. Your business concept evaluated through planning process conveys the message to your target market.

2. The facts recognized due to the market research predominated in his report.

3. The key market factors influencing your choice of marketing strategy help you make realistic financial projections.

4. You found the personal observation limited and colored by your own perceptions.

5. We observed the new trend developed.

15. Analyze the functions of the participles

1. Niche markets serving a limited number of customers may be quite small.

2. Having assessed the size of market you would find demographic and geographic information easiest to locate.

3. Having been reached to the size of the current market we analyzed the present position of the company.

4. Conducting the market research we carefully planned the company strategy.

5. While working in the company we check the information.