I) discretionary[ ] 1) дискреционный, действующий по своему усмотрению
discretionary order эк. — дискреционный приказ (приказ брокеру купить или продать определённые ценные бумаги, оставляющий свободу выбора времени и цены сделки; аналогичный приказ, но с указанием суммы сделки и свободой принятия решения о выборе ценных бумаг для клиента) 2) предоставленный на собственное усмотрение American sociologists have invented the term "discretionary time" to cover the hours left over from eating, sleeping, and earning a living. — Американские социологи придумали термин "время, предоставленное самому себе". Под ним понимается всё то время, которое не тратится на еду, сон и зарабатывание средств к существованию.
J)
imply
[
].
1) предполагать,
подразумевать, значить
rights
imply obligations
— наличие прав предполагает и наличие
обязанностей
Syn:
suggest,
involve
2) выражать
неявно, иметь в виду, намекать
His
silence
implied
consent.
— Его молчание означало согласие.It
is
not
directly
asserted,
but
it
seems
to
be
implied.
— Это не утверждается открыто, но,
видимо, подразумевается.
Syn:
mean,
hint
Text: United Kingdom
Those who refer to the citizens of the UK as the English rather than the British risk irritating citizens of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Scotland has its own legal and educational system and Edinburgh is a financial centre second to London, albeit somewhat smaller.
Wales finds its identity in language. In some rural areas Welsh is the first language and it is taught in schools and used on radio and television. Although British society and its cultures are essentially homogeneous, outsiders who work in these regions are advised to acknowledge the pride taken in what may appear to be superficial differences between them.
Outside Northern Ireland, religion plays little part in everyday life. In Britain 35 % of the population claims to have no religion, the second highest proportion in Europe after the Netherlands. Disinterest has created an atmosphere of religious freedom and tolerance.
The British population has long been characterized by internal and external migration. There is a constant drift to the more prosperous south.
The countries surrounding London are known as the Home Counties, and the area within a couple of hours drive from London is known as the “South”. The rest of the country is known as the “North”. The South is perceived by those who live there as superior in wealth and social status. It owes its image to the preponderance of service, high tech industries, while the north is associated with the heavy industry, engineering, mining and unemployment.
The UK is an urban society. A fifth of the population of mainland Britain lives in 8 cities, the largest being London with its 7 million inhabitants.
The British “establishment” once defined as a matrix of official and social relations within which power is exercised, consists of people from recognizable pillars such as the Civil service, the Conservative party, the Church of England, Oxford and Cambridge universities, business figures and a pool of acceptable individuals known as “the great and the good”. The Uk is the only EU county not to have a proportional representation. Political and legal systems are based on compromise and negotiation. There is no written constitution, bill of rights or legal code. The role of the Monarch is symbolic and ceremonial rather than constitutional.
There is a deep skepticism about great schemes and constructs on a macro and micro-economic level. The skepticism also finds expression in attitudes to the European Union.
The government’s policy is to create a competitive environment for private business with a minimum of state intervention. Other than for defense contractors there is no protection against foreign takeover. The UK has become the gateway for many non-EU companies into the Single Market and has 120 of the 400 Japanese manufacturing facilities in Europe.
Britain because it is an island, has always been forced to trade with other countries. During the 19th century, Britain traded all over the world and have a large Colonial Empire. This has since been replaced by the Commonwealth – an association of ex-colonies which works to encourage cultural relations between members. The present 51 member of the Commonwealth have many different styles of government. Some of the countries, such as Canada, Australia and New Zealand recognized the Queen as their head of State. Others, such as India, are republics and choose their own heads of state. Australia is to hold a Referendum on whether to become a republic or remain a Monarchy. All of the countries currently recognize the Queen as the Head of the Commonwealth, though some countries feel there should be an elected leader.