Unit 14 The structure of a company

Organization structure in business is very important. People in a company, its employees hold different positions.

The relationship between those employees with different positions makes organization structure.

At present most firms are divided into three major parts:

• capital (shareholders)

• management

• labour.

Let us take a typical company. There is a director who is a 'senior manager. He sits on the Board under the authority of the President. The Board decides what company policy and expenditure must be.

The chief executive officer (CED) is the link between the Board and senior management.

As for middle managers, they run departments of a firm. They account to senior management for their area of work done.

There is a difference between executive directors and non-executive ones. The directors who run their firm on day-to-day basis are called executive directors. Those who sit on the Board and do not run the firm directly are called non­executive directors. In modern American English they use also the term inside directors for executive and outside directors for non-executive ones.

The Table of the Management Structure Senior management

Senior Executive Senior Executive Senior Executive

Officer. Personnel Officer: Research Officer: Production

Middle management

Product Product Product Personnel Materials Indus.

Control Engineer Mgr. Dept. Dept. Dept.

Maintance Cost Control

Superintendents

Supervisors

Workers

Mind, that shareholders and the Board of Directors provide the overall objectives of a company (a firm).

Comprehension

Now read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false.

1. Organization structure in business is a necessary thing. T □ / F □.

2. There are a few firms that are divides into such parts as capital, management and labour. T □ / F □.

3. A senior manager and director are the different people in a company. T □ / F □.

4. The Board of Directors is the highest level in the organization structure. T □ / F □.

5. In a modern American English they use also the term outside directors for executive and inside directors for non-executive. T □ / F □.

Grammar: FUTURE ACTIONS

PRESENT SIMPLE WITH A FUTURE MEANING

Use the Present Simple to talk about timetables, programmes etc.

The train leaves at 11.30 and arrives at 14.10.

What time does the film begin?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS WITH A FUTURE MEANING

Use the Present Continuous to say what you have arranged to do.

What are you doing on Sunday?

I am playing tennis.

What time are you meeting Ann this evening?

I am leaving tomorrow. I have got my plane ticket.

Exercises

Put the verb into the more suitable form, Present Continuous or Present Simple.

1. I…………… (go) to the theatre this evening.

2. …………….. (the film/begin) at 3.30 or 4.30

3. We……….. (have) a party next Sunday. Would you like to come?

4. The art exhibition……………….(open) on May and (finish) on June.

5. I……………… (not /go) out this evening. I…………(stay) at home.

6. ………………. (you/do) anything tomorrow morning? No, I am free.

7. We……………….(go) to a concert tonight. It………….. (begin) at 7.30.

8. Excuse me. What time…………. (this train/get) to London?

9. Ann, I…………… (go) to town. …………… (you/come) with me?

10. Sue………….. (come) to see us tomorrow. She………….. (travel) by train and her train……….(arrive) at 10.15. I…………… (meet) her at the station.

11. I…………..(not/use) the car this evening, so you can have it.

12. I am bored with this programme. When…………(it/finish)?

Use I am going to do something when you have already decided to do it.

There is a film on TV tonight. Are you going to watch it?

No, I am tired. I am going to have an early night.

Write a question with going to for each situation.

1. Your friend has won some money. You ask:

(what/do with it?)

2. Your friend is going to the party tonight. You ask:

(what/ wear?)

3. Your friend has just bought a new table. You ask:

(where/put it?)

4. Your friend has decided to have a party. You ask:

(who/invite?)

Read the situation and complete the dialogues. Use going to.

1. You have decided to write some letters this evening.

Are you going to go out this evening? No,…………….

2. You are a smoker but you have decided to give it up soon. Smoking is very bad for you. I know. I………………..

3. You have been offered a job but you have decided not to take it.

That is right, but…………….

4. You are in a restaurant. The food is awful and you have decided not to pay for it.

Yes, it’s disgusting. I………………………….

Use the Future Simple when you decide to do something at the time of speaking.

What would you like to drink? I will have an orange juice, please.

Did you phone Ruth? No, I forgot. I’ll phone her now.

Complete the sentences with I’ll + a suitable verb.

1. I’m too tired to walk home. I think ………….. a taxi.

2. It’s a bit cold in this room. I…………….on the heating then.

3. We haven’t got any milk. I……………..and get some.

4. Do you want me to do the washing up? No, I……………….

5. I don’t know how to use this computer. OK, I……………….

6. Would like tea or coffee? I…………………..

7. Goodbye! Have a nice holiday. Thanks. I…………….you a postcard.

8. Are you coming with us? No, I think I……………………at home.

We use shall for I and We but will is possible for all persons.

SHALL is used mostly in questions to ask somebody’s opinion.

Shall I open the window?

Shall I turn on the light? It’s too dark here.

WILL is used when you ask somebody to do something.

Will you shut the door, please?

Will you be quiet?

What do you say in these situations?

1. You don’t know what to do this evening.

2. You are not sure if to buy a new jacket.

3. You can’t imagine what present to give to a rich person.

4. You don’t know where to go on holiday.

5. Your friend wants you to call him later. You don’t know when

What do you say in these situations?

1. The children are so noisy.

2. The music is very loud.

3. It is very dark in the room.

4. There is no chalk in the classroom.

5. You left your pencil-box at home and haven’t got to write with.

Unit 15

My future profession

Unit 16

Module 2: Market relations

Past and Future actions

Unite 17

Before you read

Discuss the following with your partner.

-Look at the photos. Each photo shows something that an economy needs in order to produce. Talk with your partner about what the photos show and why each thing is necessary for an economy.

A Vocabulary

Choose the correct word.

1. All machines need maintenance/replacement so that they keep working well.

2. Scientists' laboratories are usually full of packaging/apparatus for experiments.

3. When a machine gets very old you need to buy a maintenance/replacement.

4. It's illogical/mental to take an umbrella out on a sunny day.

5. Plastic and card boards are used a lot for the packaging/apparatus around products.

6. Some people enjoy doing illogical/mental activities like crosswords and board games.

7. Wood that hasn’t been made into anything yet is called timber/crops.

8. A storage/warehouse is a large building for storing things.

9. The things that farmers grow in their fields are called timber/crops.

10. An industry that needs many workers is known as a factor/labour intensive industry.

11. If you don’t need furniture or equipment for some time, you can put it into storage/warehouse.

12. The price of a product is a factor/labour which influences our decisions to buy it.

Reading 1