4. Translate a passage into Russian in written form. Text 2 protozoa (first animals)

Animals Included in the Phylum Protozoa

All one-celled animals belong to the protozoa. (The name "protozoan" means "first animal"), with very few exceptions, the animals in this phylum are of microscopic size. Protozoa live wherever there is moisture. Thus we find them in the oceans, in permanent bodies of fresh water, in pools, in decaying vegetation and in moist soil.

Many species of protozoa live as parasites within the bodies of other animals. The ability of protozoa to survive is enhanced by the fact that many species are able to endure the absence of water for considerable periods of time. They do this by forming protective coverings, called spores or cysts. Protozoa are readily carried by the ocean or river currents, or in the encysted states may be blown by the wind or transferred from one pond to another in the mud that clings to the feat of birds. Encystment not only furthers the distribution of protozoa but also enables them to live in habitats they otherwise could not invade.

Within the hard walls of their cysts, some protozoa can withstand the heat and drought of summer in the desert. After the first rain the cysts burst and the protozoa move about, frequently encysting again after only an hour of activity.

About fifteen thousand species have already been described, though it is probable that many more remain to be discovered.

The Classes of Protozoa

Protozoa are divided according to their means of locomotion into four classes:

1. Those that move by means of temporary projections of their protoplasm called pseudopodia ("false feet").

2. Those that move by means of whiplike structures called flagella.

3. Those that move by means of hairlike structures called cilia.

4. Those that have no organs of locomotion, these protozoa are known as sporozoa.

Tasks

1. Write down whether the following statements are true or false. Give extensive answers.

1. Protozoa live in a dry soil.

2. Many species of protozoa aren’t able to endure the absence of water.

3. They are carried by animals and plants.

4. They can’t withstand the heat and drought of summer in the desert.

5. Protozoa are divided according to their means of locomotion into two classes.

2. Complete the sentences using the text and translate them into Russian.

1. With very few exceptions … .

2. The ability of protozoa to survive is enhanced by … .

3. Encystment not only furthers the distribution of protozoa but … .

4. …frequently encysting again after only an hour of activity.

5. Those that move by means of whiplike structures … .

3. Answer the following questions on the text in written form.

1. What is protozoan?

2. Where do protozoa live?

3. How are they able to endure the absence of water?

4. How are protozoa transferred from one place to another?

5. What helps them to live in inaccessible habitats?

6. What classes are protozoa divided into?

4. Translate a passage into Russian in written form.