1. Write down whether the following statements are true or false. Give extensive answers.

1. The so-called Red Coral grows in the river and looks like a big stone.

2. The Coral Polyps live as single individuals.

3. Their most important building material is sodium.

4. The jellyfish is anchored and can’t move freely in the sea.

5. The food of jellyfish consists of small fish.

6. Most of the Coelenterates remain fixed to one place.

2. Complete the sentences using the text and translate them into Russian.

1. The most … are the Coral Polyps.

2. Food, which is also caught … .

3. … is lime.

4. When the animal die … .

5. It has a glassy … .

6. … equipped with groups of stinging cells … .

7. The unused food … the mouth.

8. The bodies have … .

3. Answer the following questions on the text in written form.

1. What are Coral Polyps? Are they animals or plants?

2. Where do they live?

3. How do they look like?

4. What can you say about so-called flowers?

5. What are the “branches” built of?

6. How is food digested?

7. What is the remarkable feature of Coral Polyps?

8. What happens with the skeletons when animals die?

9. What is the body of jellyfish?

10. How is it shaped?

11. Can jellyfish cause pain to man?

12. How serious can the pain be?

13. What does the food of jellyfish consist of?

14. Is the food digested in the mouth or excreted from the enteron?

4. Translate a passage into Russian in written form. Text 10 worms

Platy helminthes

Animals which exist in other living organisms and get their food from them are called parasites. The body in which they live is their host. Most of the flat worms are parasites in the bodies of other animals. Many parasitic worms, living in the intestines, lungs, blood, bones and even brains of animals, cause great damage to cattle, fish and wild animals. Some cause the death of many animals, especially young ones; others reduce milk, yields and rates of growth and cause deterioration in the quality of meat and wool. Among the most dangerous parasitic worms are Liver and Lung Flukes, Tapeworms and some free-living water species such as Planaria. Because they have become parasites, many of them lack organs or systems which are essential to free-living animals. Their bodies are elongated and unsegmented, and the head (anterior) end is more sensitive than the tail (posterior) end. The body has an under (ventral) surface, and a top (dorsal) surface. All of the flatworms are bilaterally symmetrical.

Liver Fluke

The adult fluke, which is one type of flatworm, lives in the bile duct of the liver of sheep, cows, pigs, etc. One fluke may produce as many as 500.000 eggs and there may be 200 adult flukes in one liver. The eggs pass out into the intestine and are voided with feces. This waste material is often discharged into a body of water. Here larvae develop from the eggs, swim about and then enter the body of the small freshwater snails which act as the intermediate host. Within the snail, the larvae undergo certain changes in form, then leave the body of the snail, settle on plants and encyst. When the water level falls the plants are eaten by cattle, the larvae pass out of the cysts, move to the bile duct and liver and grow. They often do considerable damage to the host animal.

Lung Flukes

These internal parasites are a serious menace to cattle, especially calves and sheep. In appearance they resemble pieces of thick, tangled threads. When large numbers of them get into the windpipe and lungs of an animal, it begins to cough, loses strength and weight, and may eventually die.

Infection takes place while pasturing on grass contaminated by the excreta of sick animals.

Tapeworm

The adult tapeworm is found in the alimentary canal of man. Segments of the worm contain mature eggs, and these segments are voided with the feces. The eggs undergo a process of development and, if eaten by pigs, sheep or fish they penetrate through the alimentary canal of these animals into the muscles where they encyst. If the muscles of these animals are now eaten by man, the parasite excysts (that is, emerges from the cyst form) and the head of the young worm fastens itself to the human intestine, where it has a good chance to develop to maturity. Within three to four months a complete Tapeworm, 2 to 3 meters long will grow.

The Tapeworm can be said to pass through a complicated process of development in the intestines of pigs and human beings. Tapeworm infections lead to anemia and serious intestinal disturbances. We may avoid contracting such infections by being sure that the food we eat is wholesome and clean, and that pork, beef or fish products are thoroughly cooked before being served.